ࡱ> `!meo˖|:JOO@ xڽX]lU>ޙNP-J*h'-Zta)?"T4`R^0/HbB|1Q0A#A4dLo#Jxνw3SvΙ{{{ b"8EDe6'/bqAx!E(@Ó7N- 8a*WC^g8 K" tphgz|3wњlgzj󤵠j?E/7|O5]ͳ2s493WtdQV^&a)=׶jFVINf6zjRgq(yv$M,1$h #l裋Z0~Ch/}qI7iTI?CnAY4tܣ2?Q}Jh"Ft !ch%%̨ y2F2RA>:a) CC Z][ (SlaRa+jmaeIFL*d~A0ک릣,-;LI>m|N < c@w${a;=1WK\~^s┼.jGѮ^+qrä&CFG+I+^z>&-&QNPYj86+-GӨ\yW%oVe8ٛ%21;cvliT~]z\} ?9EjalTr]%BZ[@d=A@>to>/@ѯǶ|a ;_o6Ď#@+.D}D%?@]$?%+ yZKVěA_2ZKE4:\WfpOYUbaᴭ=`!CP?⇷Ey?CO;=@ xڽX]SE>3srwm,Kt-ⲅba6 /h$"78qg3D%?6^>%_R hCW,R$Jl)˜$+4~BKL{iĂ4,},~0,xI)~1I;L\>XG LlI](/뵅Vy'a/@Ӑd/NӾiˁ~Ti,-Vu=By0BpB k8br%g8U}l2ΡJ7tbk#@:U e5BQ&yTK7+ej[eQ0UFK_*.`U\Wh[%8_,8oo ~v4?`!Z KnJO;,@ (xڽXMlTU>?tʴ TE5-Zt`(?&.PFPl0aƐHBXH L\h$,D#qh0!1>Ϲ{3̈Ws99 x0?PFxNECk!8VDFD51Qh}fefe5y\~3o!LϷ<7s䴐#GV3AF+g]lh,Tf: [ߵ]=Yyheʲa{Y1;:6ĝK?spAig>z5BMHb`RGA9Jzt-B9tC8DpE=F΂G)`kZbv8>Qۋ9b:lM/9IMj2(9E؆PDE;z5Gjԁ3G23skwbX17 t٩3i#0bQ蠑FOjeW΃U$Πn ; 0pƿ0̲7֡(@yqqNH W7:<,@1މ,ԕXόA|N~P~M&䔦y!`l%@ZRR(g*鿁4 ҈iX=,~2,n5! t[Ml[C bٮR&M07ת2}42<fL M V,VGMJg6l=b6ni0T^,7 MM{_Mr.420j7o /P=}{)YREH;g'<> \~jkSl'09{V]{cv*ƆWhMT12=]b)Ktr:Fi JPQeU+Q.+ ^Lz\4mIKX26cbm˂Yݘ;ݗ<=!-)tN8fu,0:VdoѠNޛh"Ο)aX}ުA.;m>g_{UYyǢ0'ef![폚mm*ZhxmZ!hdH\xN]Zoɕj_ƗT@3 G}3?+s}N'v3louY _g>HPCr5L ɬt&. Se4]UW*-=w(TuWWzU `! %_  OS-j 6pnP) T xڽYmpWnK>7]|Iuab$ c~8)B3򣊠)T8*et84Rhg򃴱W{syι~컜Sۊ=|`:Hbv.KE8Gʣ8y.{&MfGFfAMP6JfJ<W\PZR2Yo ?TL;lWh<̏ٯƥ5˸B7б^L,%n EոϢQʇPz^{"i[I{J~{"=d\?]ݻqp?q~J"n&\A/oϪݟwVpVod8.f}O7Q YW֮j+Uz"?YYziS<:'ٺlaiOLdL{N˷sZ̖] :g1&-0mi1FGT^Ns;vwNZ#{SĬ5[I)e/MCn,-YYn~4+z@_iYs6#rSCn,,XqN Y|-FBXqN `>[X.rAujȗmI-` z~AqN ;\3rV+lFjN gl/Rsjȷ˰^X,úSC>mI-f60_\7rSC>lJHW'aF# n8Q*x; o ZvL쟚?9936srpSx䱱ѣ[?65ŃScLm_q$ނлxu3v 6`,P}UC :0Rc.(<_ egC''do䍒Y~HVE_S׫Kne2Iu~YEVaFh4>48t|:ξ/i\ØQD$%A0M Rj|(P{s> w?`-S:MI%I4VH$ R-j,~:-Cʔђ~pkxM:RXPu RG\.joϜ72YNO7_{Iwf=GDJ -!+x;2/"=e]9 oET5X4XY4d"ޙ9{/F:@7ȿg&hh'}sZǒ FfDT@J O#l3(EQD4~8-vjߔ%vΝL.2e)Ck%JmՖRdz0{KjtG m{v6?N20S|WNu0m3{"Z{Ɣ|<ԉʊ3X}7@>/.YAY*./y 䓡owyƗșYRmLa:ԫY d=Hd̒[ c0#l5K~NUR9`B}mv1ny̼Q82S6}AwuV5$HrbM*K`XU)ӉCP8\xAKvlц&%#:c\CGvl<Vl\@"9ͪo NXCr.[@?zEP[BaUaѡkwNzu|BSo Azjs{}?Iq T)S.8|A|KUEJKxTukwr~.K^vmaRv0/Gcy?x7_ _>}JݾS0L#Sd_ŧLzpVUVZeym9\}W#o+Ty(czG5)a5r ׯ;@!T>_L B~BQJ տCŲ{2jLgP/[6A!gY! j4ql^ԧX2Uez٪ #VG;rOV֪7V5UH3ꄍծӋ?noKg~/NT`!@єdI Q,OO@@ xڽXMlTU>_f:eKIZ41Z3EG,- E0qQ 4L 6(AHXFVncĐ2<;oޛvF4s=;)a8#+XT78iq83Jٚ'2ܞD(q{n'~5A \-!Ju}1\q۹7}~WiqerE(]Orf]u_m7$i%|I|ZGa!hK #l㋆F4~(/$10.9IJ1Y["a;EN]E.SCRM)-bJPjϖ! $黁4ZL{i$4,z>?7MԚ@Xh~@ &i!Pp Lr&Lv0&7ת142<f[M`^6>p|٠Aha5k@OC1jԔ,Ye(Դ55tdL.?C wbbQ)YĘ{R| g.,ڑ3*|7lõY{6IRQfP K%ʕ(G.𶤭 ,i 06̃٤{w;}z>:JZfKrN(jz_liP~bˌN[jlۻ-c.g۳t: ]z]lw}wv,jd23hAl귶Ŧ]N91}Q5]wUx\t?ߞe,iFx[>Fzo1#&|b(?|/%"O;u:{sj2D}5d@譱䇕e=Hv3pC*E rtk_,He~Koe^3`!Y`L-G #O;,@ 'xڽXMlTU>?tf )XբњX:0E@#`R6ٰ`cH$č!,l$n&.4i0!1>Ϲ{3̈Ws99 x 0?PFx^E^Sk!8VBhGP>"ʍ\EnuyX|,bY,ѩ+SRM)MbJPjϖ! $Ui,1Y(?xXhX4QkAc% pC@x HLlWGbL9 & ;P^ugf|kU [=>KCRO}H&L|fڀiP^3z6 1 74Ca*/C@I}e].4204o*ghD^,C"mx0uYEqX=+ kn؊sQýQwLb+UߠE_@LxݾNQڂtiz(iJJ^Mx[ഌlD Xslw7n%OO#sGFHKo~nԩ"_A cQV 6O}鉎)bYA26~9=љ)=mb{ [ÜUw-j b"H\lkJ<ͣM^ s/-c۟G+x;֗tk! ޗKM1VKR w໧6})q.@iЉoۛ|`V;(!z;$!yd鏾:K^XY6WdX: 2ުVqJJWsV?|;++ \`!*B~&c碌e0d{0 xڽYklWcgv7ޤ؎c'G;8ˉc7Qu r$iӈ*1j-*AQPE#U[RRQPHUH j'P(?S4˹gz=S&;νߜ̽sw̙ɘcQ֥2ȃ okG;l\.nƠMr 9bsf_u:a#T!WgO.~C{퉏5K]x M1.v>p;|ޱϳήc.^d?o;'Yk 31{Lxe{{^MzչfdZs/h6ªȹY%c筿5߯7Ó"pR,4!\] җB*=.U:X`V2_o/(akAYX^k*-1~tP^~5AW5SpkWfRpkWU}7~tfؠyJWiC(=]Qz:cl`R4~~P_X^ik/1~tP^~z|{g }T1Ga p=rĉ2~<י27OBK|C1TCQóV:Z `7$X0m1hvKd0cRx bWϛ?QӺr# Qgޕm8Y1l+}5 BfdrM- G6rDؗO|u<$@Ζ1JdY+yeI҉Bvq8w@Ҏv#h墇eO޲r>)b4'oc _{!JoC%^lz&"6xT~m_P-ߥ'~:&#h&cR/#k~lM"-Vka֧w"(ocn&HW~3w"h!Sr]tg*#[o&dٯ(#74#O};^X`_a߃Xٮa(,WHLۗWmHK|AQvoG 셽,0:1kr12T'7 vec֥,Dtdw*SXvsr!Kbf:bV1_\ m O>03X=k6}]јw\Mc{n6u Z9FPNG  IHDR%h7bKGD̿ cmPPJCmp0712`65IDATx^e_e[؇9EH%TMCX20/8 }~C]TS)UPM&7ɠoZړh},+z~̟o}o*Ye2>=hM}mo9u?;?͎~YmhMuZ- v.nK7bp_:G@q\] WDw=iE`Ҏ/0%nG:$aƭ, 5^|g SS Ȣ<j-c4j[{kef2 uX0TIҥmUULFF@x>hRonQˢ2AȔ}E?FiB,h`lFf9-fO/uUlYA#qt(4wP|1Y HՈg)! ,TmQOjh~⺿"}#ffem2i"'FPNu౮)zB`l)-,ExƴU R6yHK!-̢T@W~Rl.TA;l tIQ-*\ЛLAZ:lf?ϧY0 Xk`2L)J'V-NSu)JtJ+]g,ͧڭȺp4mBn$>"% # !ؒLa+WH_uUMlě<ѬFx$4G+ԇݡ3HEf[qժuӦMD4 * LK4ZNQ}8 5D>k t XBWh9H뢔p.%Z1Љ[ IZʣI7䓓/bo^ӼN^fCȇA w1m+<.CQVnχi6lʬd6YӾf$ o }MMjŔ>6n@&8C]mI,Wu59q{A[*UHn# g@$+Hj8 >W_at 4}4,BPEQ=T]KF((-W:Syh]p舞43E7dcQ"9Z<èV-6O0>նmURjnqMs*a&Z*Xӡq"JlaVD!)G4oCS=l )VZ` ! TOD>♄E+Lv3$@e6k&UK Έ%bȒ&FH@&A9aIk(3)PnAvjŒ{7bXX@G@H f0H̱l `309# H`TEb׊ /jk@<-s%}B6|1XֶC<ɏ~ft@=Țh` I,R|z1i$#D' —=(Qs3¶XLT(j@2`ӳ9y&Xr};ax((N#v@YZJXKWG_I!k9@¦AL$"t FGU+ |aPbS䈶B~ϸ DL)_1= XX1KB̞^fczMy2qoltaܻ9`HAs;]c?ozMSKnmMQߓ=@<ʰR/x1bq,jTC)DțO ud)t "izmMs{:61:p.iȠ`#xU4N2$+ E-f_4W.&jux~q KÉiC݉W,8.t7ȞW:L ajxlPB̍_ yG3@pU£p>$V<4jX;`\;wop8 :!Ękx ƀKbQr~JZҞG)$E(Be$ *ZH5jJ Y3E3 C#q#g@ 1Z`"(2kO49wIpEU H>ca0τ:+5LS^ »H>IL:1 Z6/-! G#H8u;{>iO!J5%9nII'i2>45~5 %#WI Nc8Cl#h%+8QWG tTcG.Bqd9z7DJI<>F5OI$ՏYX74`wRNtu\wS6K#/@ȸJ=Y݈UC|-Bg^Nw0=(s26[z_%<_{FG5@T'n# *0Aa ?Ba5QLL{g*LBSăB; <\tif0=GaF,Κ^<x(Ii<5s`ө15"ç0c3 :3AR9\G]i{Tfa FR{@k04 &EȢIl ,H1Tj0EFckubzM:/}NZՒl}>H y;a 7Ux IaJTK(2ɟeCn:)G|x"W<'R<S1 !EGUWhVCZ[ l.UN1]QVM:H@n井"Ғl hj3/U+Lq~"@)B5լj`#ҿe\ab²~G=M2}c!kJMsٯFZI6?` bn=qA%VsrбGSU q&{[y\Ϻy1 3Z`! <#w a:%#=nk٢m?]y$NG?jFʘXZ :BNB@ؐ Zb >TX̲3@'x>_eqOZg[CݬQ(>52B~aJ#+b8'|X}{6`F)2yը?/>XL`n>'nQv|xvŜ|{^?lWICXكBZ] OM$+g?dLNiePOg*yMrbnY~oy寿Fz- j;U%%^lj[["fk֫ F\P68#)Aގ>ƀ4L_ f否4=^F>=[4?\T?-.\u۾ኁvw`nTkN7ܲSİpleO&_DAϡwd-`e?:1Ϝ['-L^"Ekc}xqI/Yswy릘2Z ed,tuS~gjVm,/W=,> TTt4r~Ҭ6/}x ^O|_[\"m_''_|̛y=/"6= ~XC}ς b8CxLn4[?'P(WC]?{_g`Q.!`]`+x]=Wk!7886y-mp14q8ۓoej: |eydz~ m|n2&=q`?ʺn㮙b6-a:xo_Pars(.߽'jMcfeuerxZ̏x1/@~/~ͯ!VZİKbUFlo>(Z|~Ƃj~zCpcK1,728TD<] ]?WxpHHBNk%9qCST2OVNi(2~K _d(D:>a )C=RL-r!FoZ֏w'n"K#oNhْlʖgВHi@P&:#x&t To7+X;8ʈ@U$EEq_jᄐ] +a9 z'lo:d6[:巒6T' ."ȒS5;uwOcqKɁbeo!ʴ+hўTː΢xDK_o/MS BG E1#G1@H3D8'wẒNMvѢWJ(aW/l u搽  ^c5gعQKZ"V$Gzb!P $S>l~d=5L ,Zb8R}DdA(UKCPS:u4Gj~0d!Ba&n:Etf]:. eUNMV}GlnԁgZb(1 IB/mIع吭Z"\ʗ]Pd(#!EM|z’b&FH}۟:e-.$K!LY=Bp]L͜$(C-I$h5h1ԪڄgCGA-Dž88Yйxex*F@JS r`pliCRѼ~2L&W%3r'7.EP4hpZ="lzQNyd `1K"J> Hɒ6e!᝵QsdQ27heNVA* ; z `Cz:23B[*e@pJYB)`eǞZԳJX pv)?\dӗ5sZ CpzQpZZojYbǺL2MmB$`lWl%HNSI̗gԔWU`K$ݶkUՖxQp&&)g-ٞΉ1ys崢Z'Yrӧ_-k=hx0xTNhp8,a[ZQ<$Lݞ>GMrF"a~g-œߴOV &J4*= و#:< i x"C".>=NT)~z|v)J:݂PZN3t iPzn$̸db8*TD&h-`*.W72M\^i5%wW@99Nw05^n٪ ZbN@^W*J4Dow/oFzj󡾘 !{nTI-Fh9ac1))\1;dF=RDD1"mZSpdrd&TqdwCֲ%3vRʴz$d9gb\˨0p$v ֵmQ}M֛ЄOa׈U֪-7/S:'C%FZLS"&嗕Dk*A7<$r^AYl_KKQVP:ltF8 Q){wSĄ~y$RhLD9bmoTމDv wۮϐ<+j0=b6!Y9g'm߲rϨNd!7Πݬy!OoophvL< Oģd]tL_ y.#&CqI1ixutvG~U>-0Â| l}U'{"YVOg dZ\+ S|^9ʔ )|@v`\nv-퇢ZpjJ^gtM-__LY9S?hg}/ގ9x܀RRUwLRwvzS;Jޘj+Hr ~P]Z+1NThz6`FT=(2zOU(Bn5*+dRT!~ 3L:w" g-In5h)NB9/!MN?X79oHtTq,QIz>gBeJmMVNό|nt+ɹ4hYu  !a= WH^MNF+brK=S$ %԰/0 M1FN*(ޭ]Fԭ؉lYѐKH͕+&hf8{Ʌ8*l0$P!HT<3hZFW"V hH.9x&X|5L "봸#^j޲x6'OcDkKbܽA'48f$ %Z J JCӋܰ|Ώ6ViJa-3VšikNQn [%gfS]z nެI_{Baw]+~7_E#KMIᔺ3a4dBgD‰ )gyIk V -^Q מo֫dQ@xlsQ$ۭU>( y0x&BP /c-YӋ}M"Ǜ9qw5/<4lBpo{zYWOYϘ)s%g3wPQfHfS~]s/T2u#N|f'7uM=ڻS4*^M; N?_^]Su-ɨMo QfEFz;`٢p ]zX81ɞba 0L\kG)I`{&z|٬/,aB[Knx)\@J$)V% Jn)xϋ:ǜֽru/NK^ Hi |wDȹC"6{7#8T","NDѸ.]1Eql.8kVEK7_LT /H27X7 ײ@6Z~:'΀V=i,HGK*q-0vLC0W3N*#r G_1T6bXKbZY8M6fKVQYyFqKaЯK#q,;&54lb(kp$|i9{M08up`PJ^qxjc%[BJ`e9'+hEpQ#HJ'LMC=I#YJH1f` a>[M@SpCeC Ɔ*+aVqGHO( .$7';"B nKL.O)-›,Z jcS NBTl\HQ͹쵪K75Î7c"vџw ß֧Ez[:mBY FoxK=*YQ]6)i{#a~V0%G*HfW:97-AqP^oνaH~GFc*.%MG'dObQLNw3@sV6Y+F@ơ~0{vˆ;&h%A'q aYX%,qy/{"*R҄ 쐴Ǵ j4ܘְnќ􄽐2I%&eN-f7 cQ$,D%Ez,:*4l8Y $j w+eN(YM})FbRU}Xxfvm5eZB ckqPÄZ]Sh̄h ulOsHO5:ZDjL:ձ0aT%D?'x=&5WFgB]P*u^GR]4T*p,O9JKRȅRD2rr8~@IO↭xJ3,LSTwIr-R73rߥ@D4E>Ԩ G^4п>K(@gJtӹ>+q$mJg#Y:Ci*lZq&-@uPTYsۭdQh߉ (` ;f*Ha=`đb3ΓT*(}L =ydAL(igC?7䵲/Z5OOڈ*0g#<[%>̹IYVcqݶ(nJ(.㨉i:̿0';2vx[x,N!" 7vN>(s:P(SoO< ݩ8bV`FQJE_~Y`3s mza ,V!36}Hbӱň4ZLj'zҔrxJڝ_ %fr{ϻ']9u>I3 n~G'"'a>qIV;$;|LXlVWb?ELA';9:DiZbhB@yUȵh9"7UK yu׭|e?%b7N&9m[$_j1g i̿$K>WB?z&z`ԩvFȱSr rJZ,㼣cնpPF aI*d)f:ӻ!5 mo4wiCkS ĕCWň)p J$&vĽ?醦c;a-!y~k?~mʚ:1/EFb=x&cE49& 9+kR4JCuKysSןl+Qzb/v 0iƞpR 5:;n$|$drݼ~ڤ&ɒa 'ݜc36$Ǔ[`GeMq;w,;g;%ݯWzg)ԌȼcEq$ ld-#UM_svخ?n;U),]1}= dů~ ҎlmF" C(=\Q슷D3l"}`StBf5KJu~JUOSoZ|I;%yjf)6J, :%sG.:Or%)W"kWKQ쪺o~wVO`9,u>b Kve͞xB9}"OVplt_}7vAl(^{TC~a0rx xf}O\]ΨP:Py7?O˖ɴlX;ų%3PjFwHY!BZ O@ _ΞCtZO\z NIDLµUϾKN? K~$q$#YY9>X&H`Q.hX>FP/~s$hu<:bP.z0-EM3aQS 9=p> |BJOf?5ǗUR*'&U(X} sFRhd>Uq0A'GiӮ>"1#2SY"F6݂eU0\RFJ|źm:ڶ`3*Yqj5E` %TY-k*+VLpUT#ic[? }rI$z҉S|Ԍxag?n_*^h;(cjR< \ݨ)|e%tMrPe񿏚$IENDB``!U,R_Re鷴J]N) #xڽXklTE>󸏽vvKgc a X 1%hDcL cSMRR F~`|`0$<s}t۝soΙs HrKW0 ~q|?д~*Zyk!wY\5OɬVV"ifXwA.O.7u%mot@%ۮ 5緃M6!KRz$S)3>DU|Miisl Ջ$nJ2Cy1m#~֏ڢQ`NJXk#ux߇b1WLbC3$=8~gTPrʰQFPFT."Nڐ$AXqpxp|5[Xi A *FT%ZNzX$4RT~WL w/ILJmQ!V}03Z\`AS]Űl{[|aQBUHFR{ 4%U uLMҐ"3uŕɐ6P`y=R<nNtfL"'r;=~\:PC9R%P= ȤO{W}o3yulKH$B"-"3Dh1ĕFN\wG+c?kb(7YHSMS ʯǞa?y横jgj$k4hk-cRpU2Wܹ k1ŧ9(Ҥ =D8{Ђ!2#, ˗^%0>k)LO;B7&%7+W~noݦLC$9iC ӤAib\ӈ 0 &A->pJZ%hߏƅT:#F&sMm5UIR"%IZ!8߰9t&]{0CUI=Go%*QSGu[+[Izl$"r~$bt3 -٣1v4eQ=K=ʮ c6xڎ±ѳmS Bz.wpuXh2h_cR>uыKK;K0ԝS6_;MZuťjdӟ6rC{2 . ``!@ -d^"#؊d%(o  xڵZpT}owB88K1$ $\.IH D4 '&uhDDcRQ-ı*TjJ}]]L}̻ooJ2Q"En^ o: 2HyO[)ٌ2h48vY!r̵'_+D\GoDq+qv2@h:@L|* ׆)dͫ4;(1:qeӤ7aNaOKjOycչ6 0 aX"mX4<3S39T7}/VoΓ͙X-F41Rl{2=5+3x_SwMI*k :3; v+Mbõ.I-k颺Ϋl`:à0;.6epm[a-߆k;\ זk l\?;dõ${\!O  $0ɖk*l'LfG=i ̕\Ǡ–k6l7d tlOa׼ʳhJ?{ h>դaڃ:'c>^6IYӧxUHGmj؈P 끷}{zv6bnfףV0Ŗgv v+{=Cr}} zS0h-ݰ~p쁻^zУ\F^GlF_6< ;^~ =buyvd93`ѓ\Oc>`GG/r?kx-Hgusj.־Qni#BGwZr kNݗ] OEqSH 鳗t{_Oiy2$+s=QRKT>ռg2q "m UYKzH+.-)SHhrY}9җfpH3 kq9ȐzgJd,kfYeK/L͗v@q?[)``X \j[tRTj +-Ҧ}&2Ko,)Xە&qp`ف{,'!zU+`mb8 ӏӐп~Nsg_֮ VT$ EE t$R 4Ut, L,,rRljYG{g5掚U ti^3d@ek:ooih\Ib|ˉMN2MxgB3QRz+_q1&̩&}(q(eNj#~ºx`n@x:{^Sqo2+e.iE7D"EV!ٴGԚbm}>ؾ 6,['O W'U3Pmo[Fl<J2<2R8c52pw\hZ_0}]^$ɒ텘~Fj9pC~)]wYiKq}N(:iZݤ?Xx728U+ӕ_o>c|xDM.J"у߂^r9^+b"7/+dB z0aad1Q,R)+e"d{uͻ=;BK^#1n$ݼ7IƛjzyRlwnϮeIsx]wټU|e~Mؼ%hH*^a>#!sl۰WZs%*rS-yoGw#$JYS.ԔzKi yKuhB%}~*Ÿ2jK"e,򬻼TB$OB򭐉Т $ 0V X_P*Q3fί6F[q ȍ=74`zqwQ=sXrRٮ7Gz)<_Vt!lnŜ:FŸ H4Ỉ0qf(#, j"{piS yf>J@DE]oVt(IDg ;/j9wu O_J4qŊn7af\F[Dk(p dx<},J6ч_G_/'4qSwx{K[<k0`2=e=w pe \%o}In0πt%W[k0d~E)̆c{pIެkm!}YtEҦ([͚e1[ |εzOZ:yl4 $ZpTl6sZxfҎG IJ].aN:T'`m%8m\UwʅE+߭s7]*(+鏦v{7ܔHʢnئM?'yDymW╼~:)\<0a蛫 #1.9,$MaXG3]w] WN^v vZ'Ӳ[uq ]uѴ>*%uYyQUU%=4R@sUl31K_lakpCRT[-잖GH!q7ze]L+'Ѷ!*o}9lnb+UdUIUo.TMd% 'M*s\П_؆ȁ`XtSeuNUY֛][>MwYuXG餝n}Ks/'p }j៏.(&CZЧl%[eIZ.\ C4L* i&׫>fU>b߷읏Z_VQMuj\y'OsWƿ$ˣ?Jq2F W?{6=(tytE}u3=$vpO4u0m *=>týꨊo!B%YQ&*cWI>.ѳ\_n'*_UӈSYҼ>9!5ʷn[#ume\Mn2dQJn'n7<*JfۮjxY>:yܭWe5@{=:a;lEQi AR"lXk ="x$9xXk:+~RT-.td<DQ\:<(I}io^_/Q3n dJw?{7}>\)ʭa>bm }ڠOma!-Ɵ{ wi!OoRY/4;3ps7G[Dqq)]YnhN 7n*7yȃ1⏼>ʧ3WUU9)$OClDłW\=0Jg.ŏ"׻&X&6WGeѲ7Q9~<oJGm-kBJd[}<J!Ee Q} Qæ o]&> ]A}8qg2!NH>8fI쥾8E-hD.53k\If՛mm~ʬvSy}髾^ E9嶨Ű͒p)h.@c+ٟhߟJA.84-:acG>o\`|@]Ӈ]a(sAQQQahx sٻl^MXLo4ՂؒՀ/OqAz<1,"[q73\[6K,VWD1ɍW7fd!>8csSC2;A_Om]Gy"[e~js @()ĢKgPf2)ʼnܢ&rCMJE@]wd">] 8 oC`LB|XF<Wffirx\BÐߣJ!|]OɌ hwٿxZgYL3\y`u_PSe?l& ӸݟhKWOǟi5)>On-X 7eP;DRH]M"Qx2RkL.ab|ٻ:u-p|Eg;n=<''' Ĵ6J(! 1I'Lh/:ɣdx1NV=aH5>LFY2ay!Kd;-yXlFt#^bl F 3Ѯ]#0CQ3n9.lu ̈́52$/JM_׏N< 0@$A(21 i4x+/df\aVvڬF Ƿݲ %L #^e wH܇ylq0Y8$m._H/%j5!CboiָfU>S*o>ߤ6Cq9! X`X40 G'2?\n0(Bl]̡3%;=xV߄'d˛m5;m, sdy 8[)ʑϏxCzSzJ ADY(AfXUʫ }eB"LImMj&{յyߐͧf'b[cRJv !JL[,.T@EQ3ELr͇ PyB+h`؃Z&`:,S餝jM$*?[bTR}ʭX^~3rfZ9#f2j@"[6Knl`mmbvVx٧w!Q5Zrh.ig),vM.I9&Lw̄!Q0jBm =vk!Ѽ>ގYO5$>:c[i)yJbeѴ2Pd4%ᶠU?sQ#]F}+iTJJ3Yc|<v=VD5;DIY@- aԥ2 %SD_;E!ɽdwy'"Q8i `3b aBȽ`<{$< \c|A֮ yFPҲ|Ch2X _ 3i=eAH憩­\YGa'|$lwn(M znYM+z(7z"2/rfg[E՟~0P\L%bChwT X yS껔0(>$HʪƂY`,;KCtۊ0#ι>X7~"rhA 2pRUO+P"7#e) y݀y|IEI;hN,eĕ>ݠfm7fpg෻SQ(I; 0HT)G$cKYʧXOև',/cq>Nƅiׄ1_J-nSW).:BK)(H~vvAv:7's25|zY=@ LSڞ%].ZyX\Q[jG?Xdv(.wQK)Z[v̗ׅ߽TX 4< Ԥ{W M$~j&d\պUV9-2D$)]C| [.5C'y!̿Ȝ2]?SRR_xV9վ2pSZg.ɻeVn_O1`I?h'U9PyZ-  D1?}r]OX$.ۆ~ܟvdM(:;?ʄI*\O#ňx%'eZޫ`[1aGy^{fLS+%ʐcRr!/ftIo6M!~cD)7~zvwUr>i3M_ZX[ۈ"i Pn9Di3C(Uj>[mI?91v.!*32e|Sp3(sf$x)la8ʜrq+:N4Eee~-C:H+caxqmb蔆4#g_t]e?]oU.=f(MtG;#xAgno0 ͇t*Rwsl&BL{ٶ9=RX]](glWUp «>0)򵙟4S`!tEiM,/ĩ*ɟuU|2|Ë2(T3 {犇Ǹ~b~Z ,9<˳/o|>K|EFOJ\yU#(~)=?Yrz8wG%iNwv1#n ؁& P[=.]-o,ޥ7yJׯdNǢvy t۰e$Y%B+PiSXJ]L"hB" $44߯8dlWʆ,6WSB~F(Q9hX&OJ 1P(Nj2tԒ'da%u0n4 [(jR;PP#l/D"_;kÐdNBcU?>-Q/jAë슡Iq0=%H$6׶H7F9kk Iֈ5ě[@qA 4vs`+>6[3;-jbMeʼ gzv;ekY5 -ܧ ĜB_toѼLC &<4'ɶbZ"\0㱟DYaG5}TE(b7b>N[%9Լ/K)TZi1|(+s*ԭ_ݛ̘fPH:ny<5JH 2渲d!O.By5K"mtWWm;\|yu 8N:ORqMΫ?oJ$"q.: _6Gddb.= d}U M[ ξId3m۫`X0ZRdj(.s\F7`RAk5;U&ECiǸ/N?=ݫr/~ 0كhj*D(eSGaa<Ûɷ6YϤFeGYvpג&(}~!* y1!A`6,i#a#q -A ^<+ t A 6lIgYw(gϒ|[a†ͦɰO+ǥ¢jJ]hFEM.B U]D&eiOށc9af=\ɫ%ތkz,% 9r,tfGy=L:Vᒸ _"@P/ ɱ݋1X>%baUm1t"-gXJ [p* K.|ξ)0PlX}2w%i'7HhdkR/T`mN?ǃ٢T*QJ|Lk^!j~b.*@f׾ ;¤Aޒa: L} gUJ{tvA|G툥`e7x yk32KIb,]9t[?)LJ PW+o)y 6*4r ԭBmk)O2v)-j-vd sGRE@H7`}Zճ鬞V4]^ɂiN^+f$iAۼzpJ 7{I2?<טDB&b>*fJ% ҃h =-ٞ],VDh}j{b2lTrqڨb*SЩN(Ce}(*ًP>BD}kzW@([[+"h߬vB)B1Qm@@9O%hv*DWԺJ*#{ Dkͥ>ɏc`S;ꓴ#Yi^iz&TB RI)+ea*Q)d*y }&\sEZЌʏ7A%԰!WPHUC&E9Mں4&#T|=v4t z&6:U[5Zr5gLYzD2P:{Jd71Tlm̡WRd뫞>Vˣ栋Rܪ&:XfT,lce5v齃'r5>bi~kCѪih#cZĊ\pXTx冈vo\hGW/Y,13(-_{\wGh/m1a8ܡ:SyE{-oIszhaeZp{t;)4sGe_豁`SfGt.:GB=dSuJM´!K4@SLQf'THPXel9"߲W{pNQZ`Mи+~>}Ŀ5]ޯ'[(1q>'?ś@pcpvY`gkR"Z,zN|08D+,3{)oT'd:->p ,HJP:V%%dǁL$hG;W8}/Oo&Oڰ_U =(.\:g΁IT᧲i-+Ufy^t]av3w($@n۸j2Ƙ+)ۢ 2'ߪ[Gb#lv ,aH)Ҝ]Moy}һY8Kr3E%I"Hhw Vg+ QCZi^V;7Ƴ!K_=*h2wk?463Տ4|l_l MgP{3Zs%"4•5)T7<['] +2C^cXZJ963: Ms!P}ՒP{ʬUz- a>8j sZcbؐ& xZ6 ,밝-5M7rF@{fW314&uYm"OOH [ը L\&&Xbu /9h;V*yɲꌽ$`8ۧ,K/ycx?E=?c¾ -oR$ 6E ҅B~Bw#Y}(4S&0WZ {&Mx7^y /^Լ`p(dy;+zNejDnknY??zb>i${zh 7 = $pZHbkwv{hZFHHyeFدZԶ1;ټS`Ofجt<W`|^߽\}s\6ɫ@@78l|T,!lc7~tuQ@uākܷ t;?oO2ގwѨN2B:JeFtIޣt]ͭkK2w/'_~j:l!{_^|/̯bɹ w nJ VPUx i36/ULݳ9+~1V#}UqvQ;bS*, %fQԧ~KyLٸE,>? tMek'!rݏ4eȸ>-Cxi]G_mCdc ]w6I(}+)@u0-7a<0p؊5ޗi`X8exmԝN)0j3 #wkod Tt1k}C;i/{& kSPPb߳_ ޽`k"^) Gl{l%vdA.>ծpB}~~hC UW_dԆt9b[; .XYnځ`KJ {Ȥi2i^ys & b-E8*#@٥o?eާnz~τ)ddU|{|Go6YO 43{̬^ҧ7=E%M6ʅej){7@v=֟6FVlÌƹĜrNkoெԜ3{<1^H םcT'$7/j{0qvyit#{)Am2s8Kζ} "쥽7jSU{_"7L}8FnVcI mj``,{mIӌL)}O-F'}!WHv{yЧ)tPm?ff4=6N騱 Ӕ_`@<}߹?J-aع/kw 6- 3*0R;LyJeFIXKQ gbJv Uq 56)f{Of&NhSU3 cqV޴߶-c`tO*OlzbMo7wؗe4Y.y*kv[f Gk}/ZޞׄppHed-hF#W\by"4'G Y{Pdy"DŽX@OPKz-12Yl ~c;4;}C~h{y|<}M ރdyj ^(Ŏya@=[0ljHŌGO$B񱠿 @A~ЊlDa1D3JMj݇A6U'lmRxEػ|P,'ո^ambS=4CTyu6.Ez$?iéO!^E S/ 4c0?.\>5^d߂3ҭ w hdq<0cM bAgJ?G`mv]x^q^InALxĮ{T7ۓQ GS:~VG5֩?feP5f> 6Lj&49^Ýӧ޷/{=3*#ӄ'4vqo21}vkI ~P{@HiMpIENDB`n4m #PNG  IHDR{X@(A0PLTEUUUUU???___KKKbKGDH cmPPJCmp0712Om4OIDATx}͋#WuF(*\E , 3 CZ$MJ30J, b0Oz bpҢ{U!3R*ge9;>$嗪 z.K7~yֿCz$W X0`,W ?IAw;g4MrO8d~Kܡ=g~W_ w>o f?6^g^WNƳz9ɚ׹}gӉ3sDn%? 8-b/P(IAV1r͝,΂yN'1 R!2(vhVe4 ?Gw;?/,9|4@G |1.E(Y( nI=ˉ >qXAK 墁=` n]}zs!ɡm@r_~Gi'K3u\J sGéѸtpRY}Aalk_HhapOeiJ;CGE~wP Rh/}?^ z_/zE33Vl~0@6tb߭ Gf,,ky#sD ??rђcwy3i|@p}o.F[?rY= EI+FpghB=,0utr u=*+E nh~+ hŒ=^ua&Ms<.&kȞ9(=-<$3Ԣ:0kAаC{軃~-qQ P,b ZTdbm^fST+%2-tee3``7}|}`K;Zoǐ['E/ |aVky3A '/+V]R.Ȟ/jJ '#>ϕ_i]a}@D r'V?g kXnK'(?6$gb#L; r90P>笋co[rgEwOK%y(Q: =~Kt}:ޅ3=Pz=+chCw<&kq: kÌ%+.wH:=#|{d?čSg)/˯=>HND_ >π;~Lƺ5ZH]Hɓ>,k>R!3S;B+Wj֭yg _c%x̠uI@=US doeǞt%"V F~<O;yyGĉ{47_'K+&|( 49NE8sy7Jʪa@L>MU JF9)izW TRsƣagͺ=߹#lQJo _3ОgOB*Ւ67^!XhOpX,R`j _Ȉ{SNH?jn5!#gYmF!wdzlAXū>'9q>6XДJ.~7.wvqj#tO|XG qjM;֭xZ,fWO)}P7M?E1[̢ ?vϊȊwvgIblONX䋝7m2):hf]c3U{QgZL@=_fFm }Mar \.)NL_ǁQعO"裺6?׃eO/1-םY¥A ͟ɀ0^^^#;}EN^E" i|Z4{&aE{~“1/gBp+|1#PbZ377n .LËRr.ub^'0#Wfը&KӣX+ګd]9wWeޓ\ڋ,L*&e;|:u| hϝ%S;l @E>nLDpQnq7!:"SA,q&Ǟ(ɹ^l[C2'A+|t&0MPޅȑx2S2GWBUa]^$; ?&I'WnѕpRVLs bǝ&4"=_Y ý%>C-g"PB:̮:2TMGՈ$'b*1wG}.)!02o?~T! e`/C!¿`4}p!JI1Z!Ε&f)_zr *d2Q dƋzse p'?QTI堘5=ȓsE &7oc,3|#Ex/H G,i/܍u +IY_brwJ)^rł/î 5j. 31O?;``+"i#sOsu.KWE(A,Lz8Mbbt%=d֡'|U{Rхk_OO;|S5~iCNkz .,e} n||y&Vg z@^Vـ5 Pi|e;7pJEMۜ}^ʛXUBYLO=բY,R3GVLdl`%=|7R5v@45FEO!"_罶!+Ëlұk4[3XjĈ+(k6IXKYzReʔDYw=Z!P?ۧt[cVt{I#Ko@i9t|AqPXT=ԓ+sv$hoH:OrJ#--y 9+JT$`*SQk\jRkh/?$dnJBmyCEn,KP7NM:tbߦck&Ya\ZaH̰]o~.@ev+Xʸ%kk-yӄ`o?r׆d df̒hsD~Ud&?A)PVOah!޼y}э<Y.Lf-WpAOq-`>f}Ԫ|r Qls} [ 83e@w6.e6wJOP8ϾusaMRDBiÊAa,>d`tg.zѴMߕ 7k򩯊IU;6iٟE|W3ʐIa^Cx7;\w15t\aɭbIwzA{43;?uA)xW-z^R!|^sn"&!HMv^]cۊci`^ޒb;07 *+.2%ŦP7&3g_[SIDy< 3lzU>9JR{rnÐ?$K]X\0ir3ѱS `TvIy,XD(i3|`'_y' ?r`;=[ʛ$;ɟ偪-s֖glgo^gJ;wL<&VqٜNF`GVU?@͘ 1(mk쑙A{f/7Úd+@ SØ\<t׏^U#y$y\!y91׆ϜCeqIY&CNy:5IU\y-'>wde@Qچ+5RX̊zne >--KBsx;]ŝ.F7Gÿf!#3e2gb#|QH7{Z×-,dQ"4ykIa@Eg:gЩ 1cW=/I6:|qӿd|t+(=y'wQ,p3ВFʁBԯb; g9@e/9լ؇f$tF)\9(s'>uO}IzXB؜m< T0E/pGe}:CŸ,&7 %V_ @_6F2C9/sNjoxו</h mU]|ӝuA:d;yfl?);'홓Cɾ&L&ZO./K,.3k᧴19}L$;o3¿ & ӑ]\LM]|Xw%ow ,̽b&vVѳM.N'\eg*%;4>za5W#zB+#}iDiJRE4( *#DZd&Ȯӫd :_Օ_wK  N )ߌʫT.+OgNFC*?0hY>;$a]30 %G 1~A |.A$)yo:wE4J6ُI${=? !wb=.5QGb&_XBt+0YMc oM GOָf<ݝr4C1u5) 2'*HY(_0tM8l(`Ϣ8M'&U Z<)?La-#C7=N ǟ4_=hs+yPU~y$_:hغ<=ryk7SO;jrWw4s t1_kWNmn4iKa؈E9%n_6u'K\[lI(cǴzB/v o}kr6={\ѱd uQ(89 zJyL?f=Гc'*jWokWrXP9Ol I#|fu V ðx"{ƼTV,Y\`(+7r]g2@_QGS8tԪ~`8ƻx䟣O'ỽ.Eבh/~ <Xa4\·߈TzvbϴQ  ~6älFIO{*؛pycN>Nsg@qEKh*e4BZ}&2dPHqhMݕZk'u?Uz٧'NcW0ZN =Y;|S2S/}2&D&eCM}FSd9K]M-bR]܍=3% l"KO$wҳ-yf_@ZȜ"lI)?<_:Q`k-^D̜ e^Wr.n6ewYgaVMხ4xTgN1%։wPucw GBQ)3,1VqP@>T':Y2RAr=ѴRGf}+5֗3 =QFOg#__jV}ҷyl鱧U~,ܮVfA҅oȇc;&ݰ')I] 2ޭpi)1=(3ӱcOI !`^gg9Rs玎WD6Rmqy7^^:EPfrڜ|%$~cn>r ^h #TDeۜsٟiE[I'[fs8fa ezZ{.f]8;vRwKŒr y5z'U*|h(QDͷ^Ssbs|:0𙗕l\u=5Czahxj%OSfOT;6sgC1{qggȆġH&Jro:GnͶգId8xWs_t~Rk~o;{o3;G.~OM04bvk gwr;NJXXl1C;#Lځ3;q3΍Wvtulvnە..>wDF מG& ge\D;kj6}L}꟪!w4y<}i/+N2g_i7ZwY83$jo<&+{}Xeξn>"toS +W{C7敟S +UKD*CVԫ묬+:ƁD *Մ/k6]RY3Κ3Ae ߓ<Օ\̐e%OXXO1H3Rv915}I:euH[SN Flu<%TDE}uw6Q4P:M7nDX1\s&>@7ɵ2ud|B3IDj9HRfwM{qt@Ι?;u\rh'Ґݓ9Ru}V囮ʬ[yи /xE.60)"$2CU)և*W/%ifLFä%w&a Ψv= g/!*&,+n_#ȹn8J3|3ϫS1ou~5,lngӚxc))R|LWЧ2}ʿ(=4L1Ի%k"P{lFbВQt˲*{D5u\n䘛]m,ìWHm$4є?!/3 L4RKؐ wG_߷O<ov{#22ݘ}Ilx 9=7 XnzW&/eLtZ\b4 ;(͍m8Q9#oe4l^ߓ< 17=όTc(CO2&̳я9#ҕXa{n\<Ψ\4=--< |gcF.)U,+cAj-xzwQ_3;w}F/l6xUVZ_/}I]^(?捸y6^َ%/zv.riֱZbO4*lBPz=JeifW3DȃPJ`m2Jsˍ_ؚ÷s86^m|Zؽ4߈#TpWS狌Ԟ\0cn߄̾$:?+D#y0sX x{Ac PT@z;:o~I +&*[n7ޡfDyPw7qۨJdʵc>_m?9r<' 1b^rmLN"N\js*GГƎWb]g+u5dUk-LDNz))0xY2bcŪ=NAiywc+T&Z,_̼_VSMT#qUgb`Ѷ//9c:NY ji?ɝfS,^BMK9dU+ : \}mg>ve w^k| Z6>#Nz wX6{ȴX]qKj[_7jM'>) 5:5vl8m > ueTi-]rz]aO#104WeXE0<vz1ݑnt$NMrSo %nHk6T*=<;L<M.2_3?Cyi [;XW~HOR3 Ց aTbs[y~ᇃWT׸WӴ_=޲ߍx+*}wFfX{+v۴5⎽*vh6IܸSrǹ{Dd<P^Ҿg.ֱO})|h1%FK/zg˷70;8hD30a'+ƾ7g?J_=p֝ ƂI@YgսxnȞkݬ3 S3|!eDkE$^bw/6oH *a8LW Ya!y9#IF*$8?k࿕}d8y`X^6ȱKk33%cZ?я ~_3취lqt9O;Sa;Ԟ̏|saO vӭro\^'8O]%.Pwuo ۪4,ϝZڒsOiNUWc*K\Ny ?#yM;aϚ |̪Oh5ܩݹc*eXlhqV~RγC:fN4"ZU+X۶vK|vL.=H=E]m%ezi7)wAs<:i_Ҹ#<01/ m-Q9ZO7K B+Wj9MV;^R?fqYُc|XVLOLWge5ш}ZO6 +}[+Æ_>wuk:DT0*6T{:ƺ ~pgu2'd:g_lh! סʸ`N_PqBJz1k jq'[7aB9gA~jp}MTG3|܁dЄ_[S'!AWb^K6xu͚+W 7>jQi3̯|Yh[N׸cd+{:9aM:P`\rצR5XkK‰K$HK{w7UQ16!#|OTz{DagE'3Q4{yT цɿ3|9r6ybξ8HbcֺخZÃMw3uzϗ̍X%ba[> AkEaׯ@1uTzL'"v{~hA"xPWQ}+W-NO0W{^THC%eO_e> ԙt1.%;_^=Qȝ"L5ƶӲ_0Ml{Q?Q{C1p^ z~y` :v{C w%,{ k޳p{xۥ4CGe]\MqB;&lh _uV6Z+WyfgZJUʭZ*opu)h?aF= A46kN`/&C.Iz@OdBII_͞T}hQ>-uՏByDyw*X.GE@ـ%e^=W}vwՒqh:4|Y~^!4t/lĹb4aa$I k 5+Nl609La}_KK,ao=ﰿ>U(sO1 FwxP/ /;MGl-gU^.ɟȝu|un{\ g~=wZ]W_RnWF|rدENwɐ0?_;\wk>V%̕3YMKP370n#3Կ]x?m~y\Ujo΍Ԝg,=ikRKsiڐ]*s{V5'a#JB1j]G 9v'ilmWY;}Q*t^ɇ{8n o?|˶zG}:So:w&D.ZjM.3Fq?3U)]|,(|A ^H-Zw<~{찮A/ x?|]w+ۿ~o?2~oo-}~۫O_߼~tz`zN^GܡCGC ǦCG|i#nBkjRũJ&_ѷ)q~%'6o۽@n_T"KBS6sقܧfm)Ds-m)U{OOM}Rn)}l9}7_b7rcs[۽{o~/?>Io~qenJ~w}c>>}ǿ0[l}i˧N_ׯO_|}l)?ޟO?{6 \,X$ip00p紂,JXsX?/6%AdK%OJzy-!%G#!ậ!JHhK(Xf›H@"p6sB ~9%yBoD Kw_&,֯s7"k//- ܌$XDsxEOK-Ͷ[|/%6&2'TD 3=|P~ےvd-l)%x]6ÑbNIq8 l[fKV)p,YTR`I ln6gEf\pRIDD*bX@Ղ9maP`"mȲ&KD)Sxv mfs%ٶ S,S6b,nj̒9ۜŜ|,!OӂN[N'XR,ss`L$pd6y~FpL^D*^u& |Q`Scp<)LZf"I(ejuZXN)bQC, ù0 &IRNàxDsωx~BId{7iH:#;` atxJ@AIu8L# .$ Қo~$ \b.A蠞X&_D.Bu8:ErHpD#||8A6C!ðf ZsǜTMTA܂|{N-O* ^E( s阒YNwN[RNgT=<K,j̕##<G<&'Kp%-8AConj5 @mihBf{En,T4. րޒbb/s$H"1w$ʜRL`x T  ryejІbG2\A˶rĒ6XrobS> /XBΧ *Y ,p1& w%~/x O&JJiHѴ7IM#,KBn)[&Z +Bx ]uQ}I*IH),*G 1ÐevАlmS$f,PM/9 ,_Hhs,S_wʧ,Sm,T#$u8F@HYrD"ܓ!B{x&@sUÅț%3~ĜJΗ0,RF /@́iH!&1#Iɘ%$뵩`H⃼-HLKpLmHWP1ɯ"$n96๞ƿ_3&/QWN!Ҧ vN9|n YȈNF:v2|A`?A0',ϑG xN vfx,7^9uȏ6@hqՆ@*+h#iϼ}iY(;\́ B™% (^Cm&9{YhjuB x"| e#IYh0|sx@SuF<~IÝ!PS?3OJ71G<@J%I.r\/A0iZAdN<\$(vhr ̲߅k%mmȾs 2焧?X) JG[`y"Uw̤թ"8(=9%%*-J5s yLMT{Y`9dfgN߳X8fDcMYq84bK){S9窹Ӷ{`Fdo* vP,d,f\7(/PKB;KNR<, a2n |"8%d߈T$C)@nx72:+BT)o* Ӓ9T9\!r{Βad.DjNr7a&[T"zĠxO͟?KHW((R ](9?=4 wcF g yn vָ3ZR.)*{yRe[p'zI3T a5[|l*oLA2J@OaN NPDۛA>OO`r\9pSNO$== /H-A#)v>]Z~9iU‡J8lv}zI7h+b0_©s K$NJ)!,&rj(Ys(渝  \'%\h86S ;*.PIAp6$6Hx=)9c0m_:9YN#}HqCj!I-3Yh$Û͟;HsOItPP0$ %~dQII  {}EJ $%d6$^aX<@(,g,E31(qWAi"ɼ܈SG>ADtSt8 r3H6:OQަuUAD +xP{6O`%4rJ>1R OꐛT:$@k3b# M7B0)si31Q9\SYT$>`{uN~BZ l^B l_`nE,$q%Ӳd%i3Қ6'%-o#ib8Ts[(w-yR\'WC9r ޢP|{t&8v֖pOFP'OЃϐg}ir $O@9֓<j:`mRNsbO!DSt@?,H03l Hejۢv /CR26bTj||pOD|6A-.q`20A՚r)Wa>1IeBkg𹙌mE7h3!m <75vI{ w ~t6B-A9TsDȯ au tI4nKIΖ ބJBp?ÏE07L0P5 6(% < AJ|x ̈B($*EQkQaae;a W{n`~HcL()\okF㍐t\<\ҩŬwp@>!.3U7)ylDTѧ9 A@0=-$RHz{"M}\*XPnbI@I"o/|{pQ`udy]@i fP`=nPLbO㳹T'KRb)k*Z?Sfx 2yNChdF!C' R)Mh\=zrmYĊXA=TR;@:#J=" |"HNp,DYAq Thl(kh@ڎ K{)p3BB- ܩT q"ZF, *JӳM 4B#J?  j51<ۛFU`YhbBu?рoć|=@u9FYQIlNTC 7qM. 3'KlA4X(Q0AT pLX6C-稐`!y;xq|vL-mn^u(8'#R2> |t2oe=!i\jap"G, Md6  TA3 @ j.x,b&!^utRE9?RBp. ==N}{$vQ<᫯Zl@Zbic% [4E8*-fEmCFKk4B œN(l'Qæ.h.=׎*PBN:AHmCFrCrlBtUeSk9`&Z#nI~'LEߵS,)pa:[Ay$/@~#! ڏL\4l.ѕxHTDH/7i,\͜LN0\jTS&⳸J 3QC1hɈ(l>:F׆)<|+#*Dmw`t̪:<T8 Q 1xc\d[9|vv)0Di5a{LS"]vTPHIh͙?򈛼: lg69$`  Eh*C1֊LjFPVhI20&vzNpjUI ~G9ṗRgV'7*Ld6W`)GAs *z׀EA"}<M[Q,AS=G8RyV~OP B;KRH|&LeB<؄4B RS;6ĖhD]Cy'#U@@R`ٺqe*.7p\>HcwR> }M( !rJ4dZԐl Z+R_PN**X g= jaVIqA]&9|9h6sT㞊h* '"c@wV &\dn;pX&>('QIipZ醭D*I ΖLA20Y2~ @ ehF"z.s xp(Tpjhѫ5ʎ;n͍i;:&vN5FV, a& l) MN^=XBkoj1RNsˆ*A,Ȅ]20x @!n2s,Œh@q8(lVJ¹aZ<_Y#\VhhgExGJs"r=2s\=|PIq:k Jc}&j1Xn ,j/#QDBՆdoAB)"=AuE= }S:M|c{FD*IۏJ M:J@qD@Kt息l#F. T FZSq Њ\)ae0v*5KQX'B%EL^Ut0AbJFU:4ıZԎ4O&F~Ȝ|2&r)L,1gWq3U EE)+/3e(m҂U%¸ iª0a*&u:H >3-;YNSHgiF$#8 _$iӾN预(N %.6Vntv kk;"eJ?u5w;! #=NpT!Ccme Ҋ[؊ǓY^̱\eb^vާG壉#)Fj,:QdSE2ڙX)#gl?Mep Bd+HyЏJg260(@{ 68 xD73I) $_BV/X_APyt.ϓá׺B"BpV"%t黯< Jee7NVvvp?3W6Ę;ɴLZHGѭn=X;g Ljn0]F]z$ xҜ=:IyO%Y۳su6]pGK9jS ̒E%vH$ EEW=@+'?O.}|*1mEZ\,띟iMK|W `eS9=lj\T3TY啑}{oX39l7梆IYҰ0iepRiz"QK=V'gtDߡ^_ Ty 0ՠ7oG>ڷ؇Olgz4,LhC-+'NET"6p8S  b R… H$*aG fd^L0IC5 ;hp}VLWj b{QYjh5:^;^,R(' m'??Ԥ:"jz9F6b%JGQ2&<4rBkd x֞8a4`t 𠭽M؇&u־G@|/GB  f&>@x)R ne`t|VGrZDh$+biDخnOmv sQI^; e)tlڢ=Ӄw:o=A"H% Q]j[Ȗs_:$pMG+tej`d2M?T5 A I6Q<ւ q7?$>cx :2a2ћb.j\ h'2΂0?UeNd.@X+.j <|Zp`$F1iH %!qc*]}|ȁhň%Q=(].``p` +T솊񐆰FiP ye!Re: j+gn;_({x֝tDM}fjAi]x4#GFl Ig@ F"4AK(y0J'T92nF'hx$Š_ Ot1 v$@n0Ic C=J $ ުpdU^CɭQ7Z5yBӪPF'P<:uV@R9LX;ڡCOYs9VA9J\ ?yKiKND:Rq!}n!xayѿ?=8Q;< U`o$4A>!d-%e=$6 9h9#OSSIS042NC   z<=O[fMkON+G١nHF'g{*y!!a iklΐKتxj 5Gr$"6|<_pC:YC %bHl=*r5Jd ]C>eNiDrC!5un}@@Jm>{c{Zt R5<+;ڡ,˖jYQ`<{||ϫT˸5]g}xY@ ܯ p;ƑB-BV.Z) x=a!xY@d~ĝG=nčݿ~7ߑX,("HPPA@Y ЄsI99!:oѩpӐ"ՂJohD[XaI,)QMf@͍7D+ Domv:,'ĕCGp#Y/ܜV͞HQV뉊 8,׉qfJTˈThV)S |Q&1n{h{u^GӾO?[mB7Bk\UEI֡?Nld#csd 27hql< G&х$ȩ3OOuBUw|| {lC^vjGt "9c]CGH>eqc ~0Niv!| 9!R9|t "ټZaOMltuR棦 ;=juVROn‡c0kCZ.rn,(lLU[ANF怰;8n@4 E^@T1Oq3Ns3AX)P=A9`gRY^OWi8JAO8d6'q\YVpLh7Fk4GQT8h9癣!6!:?smYmHH"{&"Z-ъt0u2lP1> |s0 |EpulN1Q:ap"`MFEs$rhF,@wUV" $Ɉ(NLZeƲc=1Ӏ͵i2eDT-TЕ&L(qD٥xpfa鉈^67mPtnT0E(RV8p!;Ϗ4ɉ3du^}|v1xҭ}{Exo}?fS$mYgڎ)=^ p50Ƀkɐ` pBw{j?ᖩ߳ TRdZ6(g\ZuOXdR@~1cX{ Y$@" VeJ"ԭ#d IАz g?Rtb.v('FNW%is(zֱ}q*=7%wKj O"۠h(0 -#!ðUAF0*j+Q4~oҏЋy|Bf*e6 \,;[W2<'u(KtA' v`/iidvv8\T@CZq(Rj/RZgf?Ϫy TӆLnV2+E2> ln=@# C{zY;xf␏LQ3ʞ Kt)l49  ǹS5%)S7_P:[b ;XϽ0OX C-Jy‹(c0$TNZ_Gr h-&4ޱbbxS]NA/"X!/\a0>H6^ קS* a gn, *>y\xM(J$}#w{%xlȪEE@WH-f 9t@&CE/{$IyZ"i#-ebOF O>#`51hO93$I-6pc0?+z> }_mrbG`˸riƹ SRCB@nHglHIU4p ?!9zߺݹ~w䥷~@~FXl)Bढh(eDc D4{rHiq$Dv-!_`88^.a*x:HH_ } r YlHj`"j$[Q!襳R z-#TP7D, @:Zwae)sr؊r/]fhA,w?%%Sy;f|fsz#%DI7MJKKK;a;r\ĹEhx`F s8R 7F?N˜C} 4ٞQp#n{ڇǕZ9Ye> YJ0H^Ye㌼چP^0jbB8DVW*2 2T4:BFW&y,pAts9!V 'pQ]aC*:aT%B*aW,yHzN.9; Ɋ#FG̣p@"{??%?mMY#w)<^.d&[Yo  4n,#PҌ !^zpH-TQ2c|8_f\>Lʝ#S=x!-xpsBjxFC q_Ya C'B*BjL } /D= X@ c>W~NVҭ3uގ F~2Fܹ-qahcǧHsЦm8r>, `Hkqkj8 mKXP<5|~Zj` Q'S=\Ltk]8JPu#[q||aXy2NȐ"0Mg\W&d@ߒ% ɈJûu-Q(-݅pٖ(-߹U,>ksdggf'LIq%l"# 3iM|K;A&j)ChCPAe>ch 85dW4v6T>c*|m]IpXd")9 :}FM&*G;\HDJYOr8QKz+!ዡX B!RÈLbY2&kn;H7BDYmpjynZ(y(y?zrA!6[DwudDρ!װN ڵ2HTVD 5$븕!cc t:= CE"x1( ~K0.qQc?%'?8*8_OQQh0_a$^-w[yu :r N \ȫ%US旅XMt6ҀB\^x\x!)pݺsr("&ݦPގ#di?UaHY1GqWG]Csۃ8Y4Ήej zP=:1[f6diZ9hHesCX ٵeBPL+'GVm :EVxRdE@hX0lt[~x4ų5,FZcʆelFL7,oHsGn ]n$oi_\ GYRn~7;v*#ĺ*&FVc{i3 NY`(d &p.DZ45|+F=FPdԶ2T 8 Yaaj:=X".C'̠Ry.퉵 ad˼!doFii<-_E?b\3DW1|0DwM4D|@2l7d2S[;"ym7 ġ! 6 MEMgPrI@DA}=1\ YQDg"i3%eNdע q] BGz#+F\a'ҐeCl{HF;O]B^C瑙A,1pj$psnIѿۃw#M#J;p-ݰTY21O]V6{ȪJ1$x\Z3b4Jp _5lڹ2cxPېl8N`&c0Bj!C(0 WjpliZSl6R$Ȫo+&A!pv1XoR -yAdqB)9LA-CaJDa=-B#2 {} >C;׉(+i݇9$)c10ת:Qc$đe4+BxaHeOP" qֲ*<8_ۀLRKoҼ 'f"Y_}S4JO!:^ RX-K#r!Zd(]riԭfVʲ o?z?<gsXcLG I6f96&Zr=nۻp6bsNn 9^R1ˇ$A_T'@JkJ_D%џZ*°ZPvhiX.KiPp@ҡBz#0ȎZV~⸳GtU]cCoE# [";r 2ohث:.9+9vNlT(n#aGֱ_pX xK{% )F7!!=}lK|ރiG.DGS``@ ,6\Q`.QVmHh#cO27:y,=9,P!/\'qŐqX-0β!HDѣg#eSTj8QըYcu0ٝjX' ]Ę\`:\ iӝ_qR/{_mT#Uo‘v:uըKw[Α /ki_yJeDs3 m84ODIU;b#HX Z. ;0 jA1m(cj[+8=I` KHQƴZ(J8N}rEd rYhXG$5*BFŚ/Ge˝!cV~TB@e ` dyY`,dRЯK27#:Na!p1Η\%#lK) HC4|І1)v +ف8UD& L+o԰ O&`+xz*i{De,wb̾ãv ec>b $ Q6l0:D)` g]8 c=Z$etDJ1ߜ4/sb_YhL69TLQ@xDˈ퍢MxL/ƇEPKϗP 18Py8-,`4#8k_ub+\vW\LR&`!M#gcbbl4 'f; A@('V-Ppn HBH!!.C/!PhD}Je2=y!BEN7FX4fjj[uKXB;GW8:\ܝoזּDWWG|dJVc!#ZO"?h8XZ6̔22HVr@c#r_BśO(0tAiLPóгFP#jfX\e zgC5k" Z;\k;yCF=Hd4l'T|2 [+zRWdYy.RNY|0Z:nD\>HL愴/ˉhVj||Um 6'[dR"Ė_11]& HMݤ!{wdjy:ƨ# aSr2Z|}ᅠH,1{cJ!>;F`džMl ƲqG_j ّqLt0cb-zh#,@B2zhA"Xٷ9/: )[5lK ZCo짗Fv^SubI?=99y3 e5ʙ BAj!"K7RI&?%iPi; B El#h #a.) Qʍ3Q4,)DIΗc (j*Ӹ q\G>u$և !5_(b8_t5T8V 5 0|zنn(ԡw?84Yr 7)ۯ )ʐ&t ht.C>jrIoD&ٓGqB!+!Dne&dv]"H,0@8QKd&BY2уc34IV숊֚v=Ŷ8JQWcc]|nC6&⎓嬆2o1>^6CIgyC.HCԮ!S՝سy/ܥhaBHVH+E#`RcD)7vZGċzUN'Y,ё D[V*Fyh4މ2@H# kEC\)ÈT@Prcz80Ȅ\;n|mS8FI9.w~uxw6棥Rl .;Xj{0,}939SgQP@EPL8v-hb%#+ّ#1zD`*"ZLj~Wo?_I7ܐNjYxtQWc 8 C 鮱_A69#bNVxRq56HF|Rbo_l8˂,%_%JAG\Gmlb}ݍg2002Ҽ݌\6ʰB Yl*Uͮ! mC_W)İ( B?.({295 !._l5(OX_]گpК}X*supՖP!/IzHM¾?B2XIdQFc@wt6w}12fKȾݛw;?q8v9=1Ṃ:b-\ҟ+Alk1y=.%&m\h\k"Q b1:l)ĵZ5(F5'k萺n+wtyNw:uvpURd 躑`(>>,E&CC GB:'H.c6@ uQ$ՏtuWb i* N_ Aah#F 4vm$~402()&2&|;8D-͞(c .:,p:b׆"0b}34~yȐĚ!Oc-n''8;+߾F8ϮAKxnX F$kBҪ0ȴpB"P(`;-m0%q%зP%p$.g GͧoȦ gg~kH}i*eP@z%OE-ug"L/̦iz1:µN!}m8T7b%@7NC.6m(NuF_dżޚK[}rSz)'&j|\%'A`o9 0\NqI7N. cK"IuC) _ `~)>B6x\| Dml'vF::\k>q覑a ȈaALl 6HRZ1iZ= q/>Y -9->I~uE- m|C6Do=r3(. Q\Y58~8LGiX\ǂj.c :WMq>>zr]ذ~ѣG<¶&(eleֆGC77 f"4EVKA2,DjRpa1Njy}te4T1es^ \0qh=r-'Oz {sg%3qX|pp@3g5Wљ|dPG`+q(S:ԓUY H\ E۹MHQQD?ЙtF&ȗGV X0;pBkR=)nC"H؂qlO<_ln߰az`} T[ӽцCPc8BaZ,J!^WvHv-]QZ<̬YQ+cq@mpW*==juCw !~JHz@lV'G1V(xypz@F̠QiIGʛNyIw%]puwVf99R @j~2I.v]23f%L"LYh%`WiguX~%k_};dYj>Q|ifkHq6˽,ː'F~*d2l&7.v' ՏDF`-ĹgBa~ejZ$Q58F#OgR+5:]d:JIXK_;||t[M"ybF %@P!@ׅadd !ڣXB·1W002gF0 ,6O ,' $UDO*XW=8leZ4āh+Qv`""#ڮeaU\k/2:%$hYh.:89i6K,p74;;&)WLU1*^)z[g6U˲WLr@p"U)Z(F}D6$]'n7\,CxHpY,I)l=P`j~kqqqz~{UHRPU#8\CNzaF+=Pz#p y YϐZͳ "2uԐBCH~Y" qE4I Pkڊѯtt1Lt'=Ubu+PBksr/v'>Y+gɨyNx̶G%CB.M&|OFūݺtn%9uGLpNHĖ?씝>5rAW\H/) <[y9\ub,eLs[o7o-ԧExb/؏N}X뛱 (=)Tqg:8X ǬpTHBHh׵@ߏ֬!Hr'8.JZ.}PHXFO}ioQ"IJD-(K2MT:F]euK==@+|2*s[`\X Y\/7%K+6A@haҘWi6lri%3 Gc}]o475¶]lQ{HWtbH1wG~?WkŢe&C/J!=] -W.?䨟Ri-sA_{z'~\ XU%+򜇷{5ٕ|nJ|]љ!Ok.ƒܽ׌D[N:ŔrJz}7:(DL)4K5] Q4or"[=eqӱln" p+lőG-AG-$ ";Roנ!-[ N¿GOZIv[IhS:>)W'#U(fm c'p\{Ue;l8!IoL~TP>DƠˇ'mY9|}}#Ojq824!ˤ1=Ih^)ִT ]BFn:y,W$hz G b *K{5ǿPgc<>cT룵bFcK5:#$B½I}r5K<f"mYG  +MѫÏ[@Do;*w'ɬʠ2DDkx[(#v4oq`W#co!#1*Y{fH} ;/d' n!R'=Y/ ѳT NB@_]EW28/.ĄܩƘN"ο^0?h\Jԡ!㓞I9>r(/d5wܴ'mB X ͕ɂMr@Xj!dDK -|'Έ4_jYip^JlijGa*qՌw$**:rxGLRB~֣ mhl>zt_w~˛t(&4yy N"9Ye}CّkQBC֮j(_.:.VơI VЕܭ7V5+k }cUH#>\Ǩ]Tz#<"9-:(53Ha0*'P#d ,>mT}hsHؗ;ߖGw'n`#4IGYPpBAp]wS7mV?ng(L mo? NWZ !aG%gi|NGhZL ( _aD r(ȵ<2(b<9{8ׯ|/FY3՘E5I-3N=;|u2nZ@j YQP[bYbx ۨs&F:d"R<RCor^ґVdc ;"K}q;GƮ3]_7:|(.u$M ݰm lnKHc&OO͝D"UO>q?b! Tk dEА+r?F"4zV^XVc"Fm|N}_k[3^O.PŎ`Y^czH%Q9R@KrN`hCr:|KN}~KM@֪e cbɾZ\<7% }ꁣ}һ[.6p Xv0n0} +IUXaVݑBݣȵ1ĂVIe,8L$=bگ#^N|peiDjWH6up,XN,X/]:re\nkБX]~bNnNxIoEg klּ}=`Ix\};ʉAdXdȍ]"NˆG4_se^|-E`N+pƮS#7l8\\<Ȗb4p滾vڻۧ qvPA"bV6HgZ.~5$Ρ!86_ Ϭ!wr3U{;~EGVg4/(}G:En}[E"Fgm!jdK* ODx2mZ͹llӔ3m"V/.]w21"NuF8Wd!*Y ?6wwwH:Tx83gS@^vx˩;~D5RqŠT;N^!0\!3Xtx2V\[_ E $5OеdU,wHbkfeEV*N7 {:5oTb?)^jI\ˡ޺ɟ=C2끐gw&)q}%ƪg[> {KQ: G3;_WkL.+5\zۏ#]g7&!ox9$NoEp|ҵo%yCv /dy?,@ [F]S6HqDۓ8nqrgWV<]%BMKE^2qWc_f(e;w|kl=OVBG{`r==XT=6$7d8~%b,v\N_[mb-/H\?J?L\Gk,[t aoOo~h;iNr`z{^C҈ 8 ?Rҡ(#1H#T @H'C_xF烜6Ϩob^m_ӿj}Eֶv bw/mrp1xy.X dYFNNʫ[0dpɤaT\WRtKhEL04HJ2GdɏΜc|ҮƮ].ozo~PܑS^ lV8xїGwܝTuy`;sh8 ~TpjqOjvD<-TXõ /^Q:о?jWn9vYm_|i_Ug"dqϮ?O;Mͽ3bҕW:RiGeW< ̖8JTaTe\`H&4-Kصq~Vxqƻ9syݛ~сƪD8U6jG6hZMmQD+fYҐ5a0ŋ5kRυeCPs;(WPHO6gz%nG~R0SoSa%ޟK?WwzeC(b(JZq|2>`L2tb_۩b4[xk/HrwVCɌ!8S ז\o/t4??=uqˇө6UOoHl6t/o:h]#mV*H}l!!;FN.29Z^Z:fð_H>y3Zb c4ka|Vۏsx lQv1>G ?M*;)R蕑~ՙj7Vz_^O=detyYɀ1Y>z{vYN~z}N`aB/әn%qUgo?k]_y@}O!޶a6ԁ3Y^Xa_Q+TptA!z,hp-d!V6Z!=܊N Fj]"lSvh55Zѭ벴FU[DlzVse,*ߐ y<;dL/09@?v2#q3 2rKE> )*$:`yl$Դvm:\| ^OU_Ëll6d wOT Ww&zONdS!(-"{k(Q ƒ.6'K~V.:: dLKHk_Y?!yhuh_;KMc lz"V\Y1z4Af5t^ mF6L~|sU;lFciT<#)ՕS E`BS oFԭ C|[.35Mߢ؜"WTDËIaͧ\,޾#)i]g/6nnYXyFMblZXu!܎G,-NAOMkvVuɟ,.8j8=oEUP+Ä\Vxߖĝc3cݺK.{E*q2}L.y_'I*6nm_zW_ٯ%?ֻ@:1 {2 .qg`^'aeK9>UB' Hl -\b4g'pv6C[>5ya2 G#oi.4L?Zan 풗׊bIߟ1mx|"PӁ!8m(LĢn6h'ONazc8x#{}HlF?_,Њxdh{h~Z/ave|RHI}t!߼ak_}#i|(3L(+tp]8^t yezȣ'%.@Z/ag2o߮(Њ0d:yF^셟2+7@_KbQ__) k ; tLT~@78##{qlWq ekMWN#Zi-}K*^RrF/7~mz˻o*v{۷O#vt`Zk_{;6; { "<8D JvM͑ßmyXz}3|uƋ8 OUb ~GOh"ighW#$'ݠ/E(rrmBDhkL-p3: 0#jz/t-?X042c|_kB ͿTM/n4ï#z7!Q]u87"Yo;;67 OFpؗGEw34>?nYW#7`eΐ?5~hhuTh;~hX ^#9um7+&m,WY//KK8} S;WIOA;6ʉ!ߖK?1=ѢAEQ? ).ݵy3 h]_?XzHXL{[xAю|w sm:t~SsQM~|#Iî[4,O}8?ظns lOlu3oƘ-3z[,땋Zb` x8wY}Aikt3ccx}[gɯ؉C$G_^˙czD']|)e0tU#d̢3A'}(~Pm=zj II;7W}{ m$=z Щq;667?y؉!l妲ow4+F&18c텄qh۽P2fsWIWg}/9L`m9bwvIl_ FtiW!.E`tDl<"Fx |S­uD]֝ĈqWQtgզ78s{qcoߐt8rșk{r {u##7d6N J~ӱnFeItc*v?\/7r+b~/쫾 .srRjLcP&Wr%}wVo͝0 &"Iad h/9}ښ1tZX!~@Ck٘/\Gu#m7v5nTO:JAA_ߵnH Pw TM^#(UG޲8]_caݰƯ~=0 4ظq}}7sdu9ll=>^ kO( HLdΨ&^DvmX>Xgv%x5~E\5c\P8> >VRIF{f}ҭCcz$}X R,0Z}8e|1ѹPGZ;g"m)CZ_2 5߇V^/UOBKܟ#%@C2 oe-CE# #||ON~?i`~q @w;vu}8PtRRïLc{Zs`Z/I5X7oǏͮ5)Z@=?|[^"\?~!kx"EnjbC{)_|_Y"6f,׋11{mIԵ4JEb$W9&vjjn ]ډQKhƩ~kV]-RQ`zw׿RvE5Ew7hsXzhǞ9<Uk!y"6bj]" mv?ԩ3X8ݪ3P-0\uw>ੑo?\94yyxm]6w{k5[ c'tNw]#ڭF ŲIrn\_]ZY{5=4X ^#-6wVnd=~CCe-8`#5+V8`o'hEpyoc7P@xه#qA#!]7{M@L3CARg"_hNl5}@t*dI02x5_{>,:e3A5mon w6գ0Ҧק7V-6Waqڭo/KT}I<,}2ڴbٱUѯrE S%ų:[YDbǟ+7BMz- )zIDE {Nj=P+0ٷ7!++(%agq%3A]ܸnUջS؄Skz;;Clޒt~[vm.>0YgAU.5*ROIOe+8-y\RKq1XWsa@*~Z65zaJ7hNE骗jmë й?#:EӧIDwqۀ#(ܴ۸U׿U}!1>oe2/:+W+!_;k2fs)CW׋"D>j2yxgqbcӆTݭ_Q'?u'D6q}$EtI:]ȸwmOJM:u?%@XpHwIܰirveq+ɕpĠbdtƀu7[0Oj4]EPǴ+PА$b,X'JLkٹ"x}ꍇ@`#ZE^tm?T@QdK4i6?mi-g :sY p$a#{{ =wY^֏MlF"JVWf -NŘ>5ɘt[:b(p44m6np|}W>ᾑ S}_:=r`9͝H-s"b,rmWJpR\z]aK~H-o`m߷SZ{EP{6ՈQh,-l=q6-vlb?vtV&Lñ畱imW$}++$yLږS^[W8a&H% ۅq$P |f8ztݮN@2p׎MwꖣR1S<(n[o"Qe0|b/ H1T kA{yV0jkΎ4xg*uZ %1*WSZ'O\9966Օc(er]+>{fG/FS#*I2}k 'P3ͧPp0.&U`j]PSwU~v.v@UPw_" 둷2uTϾpjΗpWWp5p=PDݿ+Kιn;W q[gtb\L5H97co?\J%x.TIYx;'!f]1νۡV<ʖ\?&0e\Z֕r5 7IJ".(_[bC2E= }7\~.J:zI4mi]~ wŐߺe;Tү]죿O%b~$甦߽Tr#q"PaKb"W7Awpw44FSyy}k]WBϝ @h; 2e]Y adK8X GI޾뛣@k7'.)B&!HQH<$L{qǬcekG]X/h$G|_5t2YP8Ԁ]0; OpÁA$5n?aہo=:.ܒ~V?ݤ3F&~Hǎ|m) sh}&0,d02g_x Wہ0EUcQm~4A@s4%jC@( dSʬE)ɰDu |t:&ؠojƛnGqL \N]1pu*#@|= ?=2KNP66릴n<fmKMN/@YY ~CZ{ AY\dP E=Jf+hV=z2qvc7(1 Zvx ]g;"Z&QQ?յc YݻAI_: g4:7HjB}Q ^W(0/Qpr[ :oVۆ1)Gnmsw: j&cl}+^Y;TPZLVB8;5w*CF}-bVjѰa^Aa/B[o104{57>>vm1S4ZB] [XU"\ˇdo? Ax$njqqWHH{2rn?;fsKQI DudhtIv1h4Oa`;nS4ˢNH7*0?"},s!l)2:S0צPlڝ|kUrDfrzG:Ox?Tr5)+Ioul_dCS%Y3+C]` 7o}Jk6o̻C :Q!IN69Nh*X=PNTjVo{2o2gN23^GuqH> >>?,32{ [DŽȎU%*4fָ֨k4JHB_,+/uTlWvUsQs[3FduFɏkKDAv~wpZ;Zwݕ*QlA(YR{{R$Gu=Gl͖ P*"B/ ;+"[ * =s&-|l.p<8:J`LtP`pkfiݯKfCPߋSSO-pmmf ?C;ͧ9E@ciB_~7v}aw|l_ ;Q\Sϼ9M>O{i∟/n>93p͵FIVXW{%Wlv &ROe%96PaaѣTXW⮋IuQz6sE[,͒$eeD?t2 1&3vvuX7{dfM]-XMRp<xt)R8TN8r~a|gZ˜uۉ?\(!՚ϗcvo ~{rC%1i6~aV QŁ>v,vgmEqړgKFo}Vt"\o'P,F,s߭r|~шiY֧/\no?ȍտS{[E و@x]fdTf5G#;*/(P[3-쥷%[gvm[hv<ֹܴ|%xza}Oϵ 9i"]!T8kpjk$e/6GT"NqDo36O2N7B$eՠn@V|EH먔 yΐx,k>7}G yp=c Vq3=6Ф,_P<+?Jf~`GXZf,AKIuc^3eޡ 5B""'.kƢYѤ^3#,y wfb (MɀuC@Ieճ$ DBp5z2$t;E*Ϻ[{Nb$瀞/ ▋xw_O_8FmP:M'sUYFpM/|4bg$Q=ݞs1,4i }"5Bm U>';|kBBDO֞J2쯎Eelex$J>~0&d?̬.]!T0o{J)a7[Wc =v7ah.QN{soAa_GuO6pN7 :OBhd&6/Hm7ڈdwI6OfjO\L.Leq[d^ s@'Gnd.[8}BÎf%k2Qi`=ek5D^kXE hȾg^{w]  yy-RRkG`\5{uCQ7wNMRbNT+w sp~I15C˖f?ר<=LS"LG%9r S h3f|HZ>5j`;Tj?uJ$X2֦ߪ DB[qVFDgT)?+WG@jYO5\@8ѯlV">F//#䉨ľEI h&Iy6/mYVσۻUܐL6"\J@{M3ߜM'3P`!.N͜t9y4e[@!2@O%[X׊t.AHlMf9x @DW9 (23 #!3s 66UzKôKYbV1]HnO{!Vp!d3B>H%`eD չi'\wG`r*f_{tL8 \\HIpWjzOIw3;IFG^kD/YQQG %'!Aٹj vl/%ps8zՖ%;g*r>C_-$[yZ՛ŋ*h )^?,$uwoq?>~&6 #uuX]b~ڗ `n<~WMrrielɊq "G@\\vK鯚"]LRߤu;UHNMP+T8Fol %a=0mM0ӷss<\3hVG4Ӳ!o*d|sCݹoiO1tӆdm0zʩ Ykmh]j^d]XkuEt6+jfD} cy2ƈHA!p?j W Օ5bӋ  '}$ R]޸WfD$INB3<%8Rɨ[=8Mͺvn$u@% )i'Y N&m&n6o51ѫ,Ӈd2kn:Wr0IO1 F! n鳴ⶶ(>L0밷P$4 __[jo蚲Rиei,o׬ۊd>4-vDYz~ yǓP_bӫ%Oz"Ȁ߫=*X=kdK'I(Q)6c% =.r`j=,H*tu:oɯf{6EFQlx>a) {Nu!ܵq:*Ktw/f%A<>õ&/\_B@-?\vZ yC9[vc Z|Thw&lI23Τ>G@ NNK?J0mc`Fd 4<2)5ΘZuNtFa sKA~3*>"$ku rFd2FD4iٮ0!ciAߗcvHމI1ްyۭw\htЗ-d3YOϵ/pޙ{AwЎ2GvO_[sߝ?ݤJ.3:$rziu`:r5_D96MSTWL_'7A/JN'%un.{ F$Rc,_L%SX p3$G$&.T- #>Unw&T}k@PւB_$iSh—>V\3.lmqbM$gz.$c*"kl՟'j;[ $$$@[{WR$a+9ΩuOf#LkI>5E/%ܢ1Ǥ_NK6/l$y>E~U9۰ǵVjqG"j}< * '2ޞeRd|p}Aw419^MAɚ< j[^ O \$>bfinr>q9'J4>o/vV,vo<-L,0~JOj^-$ }+<3|Ţs]>jZ^jt솠#֌<I8-ѭ݄H'/Bϣ;%-i#P7=J|wqFKr2 @Ldǫ/1[H(mzPW[rF^Lq 3t\d:NqBۓ_|1鄅V&#ݹq$'Fj.HQ].LEr+g> 'ʾ InHr >,!ҡS҄\/9Y!GF2QuǫM?&ԲǗWk]7/)xTr:$I'_]E;mD ԩ } =+uPtAwmCfZa,`^7#@Nd1 WrBo}:]:#j'uٍ)a'cG<%ц|x!eƏH7T.2m⢏>X,zm9;t,J@cdq?.t'wQEHQ_ H lIz6G/O<|#08=5rmSA_qD:a'bdn?v%k^[[H31N>m ak"Ǹ哧2#'bд>:Wt ?HQ2w%/gJ.YNI6!n 2~.OZ~sA;IM(iaaCP[n[KZ$Ĵ\;)W ( M>]ߣP>#3z=i`2|O;p*x@f"zSg[DO)&duq 7t[- j q-, DR ZXE3B4D'UDG \Q٧4D㛅2d~u\5D4"?q mWo7Us͎>ul}²JJbO5T?uࡗƤR˥ߵ;j:]}w8 *P#ԙB^<z.wmBCwS&^iEndͼqPq9\-4n#G`HT1O'{aIxgReRpD%`/ %23[[ ز`mEZ;J[{4r-\nh,[8,)pl/ҡ]eqO2rm?,..V !Q|tmu;a^hC#SiЫ RFk횗K٢޻ňCK/dO$c DW{>=kOzt{DQIW0gVt*144T {x5.8ڻd' hp՘6o$M I/L)8;9 -K]{^2H7K+p?oa{R{t}h1i"Cd2|ځMUEZ3/q Sj4xIs۹wAw~m a/\U]JP\F?+t 2Z y鷢"r#@}]k^3u`HvTܴ'hСȵbbud+<\NC-)p 0]d3B9 /N(ӵL.LM,`6-!EXi n/MADm-[Ѱ|##+ =9 /yljvqwn~\? °ewz6^'W"r/]87q1bڮO2P+1پ xs,)$ 7ž7ks `.v !-/5rx;J;'$'Dς.ؚЇ>Ndw7P6rh:™*.Eg%ym o2`$G2iJN3-9=oϜϿrcj3,`k1Qc5,iΛrJeWa$E$qiJHEi@I!#"=.۽O EÍ{p<3ǵ!}RD.Aq6$'.7Eu-+BF7Zg$!yTElPOP@Dh^~\QSɔoiJɱ6Mj Hldt)mͷl|[Vf.4V. pk PI7Yָlnw!_f.E`Y*umG$ O7D>IFؿ3x$`{IuxHlz1M}Rs/d?Dː,$Y+XTQ0󵑝UgHL?bΙ}]V1Jc"P4!jAFM&1h7hY;:5ݡ5K/*)lXgBWEYWf[ݻYY)()3#n>׹ 2Nܻtm:, z̔RLM7Ug^`gi]'V.+7&3Ȗr.d`:p5Ɇ]?u} f-{iͱB"9Y\]Z4'a:ٍ~dז%C{q)Wr{% r:[=ծBiaEi/tzwT2] hkG㨹-R @`dK!;W5qGW;zTߚD  "4S(ZSIS7zo̢hF&.I5İu!5NnF`m5Z%V$07-ĎtZ]vagǜ"}l6kpAvF\)Qc.Zj8+̒!!5f"@G1P 88]|w_%D}!^OkjC 1'+ji%/B8lă?cUT$!-h%֍Uw^eHHhoowbjx5WbOOe]lEHp ە Kuc撁]ܾ"ZU=uLb|,ǠkNՑkj뀱$:{v'r DpsJ%fo|39UML)ȉTZ#o< Xd?iBN4fG2y%OG2mΥS q熺֜[0rKN-3AO43w˫[XZQZ!Z]w!#1Q7D(]󳱟`L$mt65uּb A][&6 7oCD5sn*gl4WGx"3ȼ1Yn+݅V0TӺNCia+\!PVW˦4RIkZ8#ȸԸ$:`k2KL<*c.̺1B0_[ &-tW_f-c= E#j\Ord""4Zo'dI/f'Jz˗]bމΝ,L9?~*Ppt_o@~B˟hs&%v߀ddeqWUU37++ _>V/H(&cR\:S(j2y&bh{,XInx|zEClI۟hN/AAXdaOZ?d ߃n݄~4pA2DK$67W<}_k+v*HW'`.ٶr`0k ઁ+ࢴFt[+!s$Bfҥ{۫t'P͜p/|e2&$vUBBACFE?!n)uܪoeqZ&P_Cfn%5n (t$͎ gn(ą*{˸Ra  [kj^f/@|^z ߐA?[p#s ^n%ڴY##ªiޑ]7i7~|գ( (]W=j%yij5l ٱM ES4])U ~4{D^)a,V>JT0un&Y.;"!UIS2N:|{v|ls~t2)}ga|lo?"Δęc,'Q[(_AAh>۞iIP [0\[Vw iu4771qa+y@~ח_YO$yo} _]>ftK#3|^d K^Yc* 2b&Ӑۡ)L+%Cf(3<26 X4kee诽>p[_ƟY ʹs«eK+]e(FVn32_[6^´r>}th%qX[8퉍@Ӂ;^8@$ЏD9BuU9ƭ}qm+]* 2YQZdi٠lpc&JZnQײDqNᶁlm>f[IDbf9VDACnh@t`bkCJ]D \!KP Ixv+/_B^g1=j`>-8W7D}ih7v:'o"X \[]]9Fe3s!>JAM't%~/Ir|4K:/#UM%& %ٹӊFɸNGEnߧ`'6++pB`Hq4`vpB] <TTvVȸӼŎۯ=8l ܞ?~_תjnoEF\~}SjPڂIYٹfZdG{`Cyc })_S ;2@ypb]i>)GeY}j8!!zP5  Nbs|h6.;^V?Lxu1@6 mW\\" лELIrWɉ4qgΊU9b<$@/*xЯ89O|z3Ruzy#}yLdC4d[l{ zsӹ5j2f/@[#W)W3^9DY _"N%}&Ycπ|,f!$RN}Ǔ090t8[:yXgo(]`_;~J Oc_=i .;h ϑбd4~ϝ^91 #L;"eBp37y>IҸi-px;p=̦9}gc|ӱ3Q l~!hz2#4<0a86 [4Wg^~]4w)@Z~% K C(LLӫ]A OdۃmI-L1D1TI^C,[7:/\.ǪdfڑY92V6?R!;vN?9WUen‚æA|J:ᰦIұ+<R:Fzb(!aK ,ke.Hݐfp)m@`Ku|WNMbt"tt軶-G=2đf-[G23+ڱi")Ϛ#N#]"#XiG GR%^:0C1M$$ZW1bI g'i즣7l 2 SVַU,Ƌ;0PPG?gn7\`qSYFMc!]e`_]k"&_ ,΄ϔ >'h, BNJgR*Kփ`^7h?9:R}0QU׿b##9ʚk``O:9D"[0ͧ.ʦ)$GP"S)%}x(,{/F9ˢqF_EJ~䦢]W5#-W-Jka_AE5YUP!/NjɣYc'ͳjARtKB.#хɜ#8)IBN )(4ȴO ͻv=}۠(CKݮZ ?a}jkj2rukfu?e~4VMMg.Va7 qVۼqaN1Nr_L*'lI8iXEym~Cuy9wYNz2:evm=lW-Ҟhɋ͜dR f9ܴnO'⛴y9)9PfJrC(W!7XFx$ͷ@OZ Fm9 hv)?XuX&[d_ +#4J2cLu[vEX87Ffʁǔd| Xӹ33MwQ﷥ߋ$97PNcc#V`[PpHy}^pO" bcAqY6 "\M%ROrd*ݠj`:4-3MZ@͜B(% s)4V fRTG[_SG;h CfDwTYlFY?ZG `ߝLSiXyFHĊuY"5_bJc ABkL)z"tvRB2aRq)^V90>pW5 i e=ARMIqV'yp .ROj)6\8"4:CbxYx{VSiŔw+@+gk&V&togV W곚Κsՙ.{`k0Ugn+WJ=c"(VR-Sc[ÀdO|sLԊ6Ob oM3>)m(ŁipV}&G*n'_+Nޙ|2&چ<$5?^>(K)',ԲچmǗRhNH[Դ'$0blm|քb} \Y9y# |}& /gChC\g(BX_8g8nl2*tz$Wg?'35s%jfs:OvCp(j{D@@%P>]2M2N'~>- X +v{T@O (sde^ޥg]ʩ+FddC\!;P֢m]e#y=FNx. 쮈?,?"KnM=%-13a27.1 wXo)-YP7G;abK޸OaiG"q8H%5 `ע9] ᪓|rD͔n m  Z@f,@-5Sr^M8Ҭ73Ѧ j"mr !_s~/aS@?>ʁ-sR?=m;V0: ^o '#5'F^-e,*b׬pldg5"4CFa5~!SB ,x25aDU)ZrF!q&i!.jLS&ebAQB]#)o5Wi"j GOFjIt28[ w+#uoFN7 \*8F hѧ" Q/}Tj:#6Qct &oX¿WM6;&6aHʩvǁ9Zځs~iT7Ьl}N W΄u=j,.)V}K2|/RذF!5̲t^sOpajee$qz rc||Zh:K$΄UVqiIJY5#)БB RDZ{O87Ms}G$>2y#V^Nӳ(a1,pȥ[Ǐax@ljJou"%+)>K*]tYcPt^:Ϟ)<5B/|+k.M~11wΝ=~DGL3N]zDl*Jy'MVOI/7`I˘-K464⫉8PS;~sy0b/hD[V庋Kq'5PV>SF_u05)fs3Eg<*Fh rIȓ9{jq$0?oIAJ[y]0Se:*,g#Y5.6|c Ͽvr)@t4 1G>bEV)k-!J3E7ƾT=RcB$eTb';}{`B&9O W(~w"fyJDOBPqiBIq?a/X-nډqr^򇔂 zG%.Uu\KGx(ãTcm!#\H I90;b~ 2y"I~477kd^d'YTI`>F4hwik_n39aN5Ҕo<ω 4X^k̢pS(ъ3Fsׄ#JyajJ̡`JgnTp"g֮D8ͽ/#|EWMy3˙Pq:g}0Ɏ։=9nJ:ޅcΑ}a2xx# !KSxKȁ'I ,yVo|rFz>'X*^-ues J.%g|P#|3 zVp Ӓ(|_IKGZw#mClB0VEr8>rR>ZZ:_m#|>vE=hi,- xf/Sn)0ZHB`֚ɥ(N%"{lHֿNn QJ$ĩH=.c,vgjԜaӒ\gϞ' TiK64aw*pHf\|[5%yfdhM97ܔvJՔTCфL=:A)ǩI{qy; ){ngc98#O"MPblDl3u|+Di2ϐ݋ /+f%)s]hDVkoYAJV06 %e0@yA ׌%䬖40zXz a jHb[O獟H?_KAƨSA9ZL\qHz8$I,0 ϿFFΠzL;} fCʑª8͍ >^NUsi;d 7{XѰtMd\M"JH62"s^Z9blB=256B!QT[1IҬqȅ49(;N3V7kصa.X^\7(mtS;.h/5iÜL^K)-ÜT(QudV|۫1 *A}&2# HU` BSA6 CO) sxD̈́ cJЪ`]PF}A^`rY6-ladiaɆ^R <;~qbps5eMn7~G9!XJNT4Qه17*)G' 9jFCq0|=L-Dw<,HQ2S'jA?A;/BHB5G|b0AWER&J7ђё@s ߉{He/8A.$%`}ؙYjxd#`M h-ɓ =)\.9NaRFfOoAOa(/SѤ: (JP+*4ĸPR3Asxy|B&3p"^!Ȗ5z5>o7<0)m"jp>޼,O4ӡ5グ7K|A*H-3-O K` s&P,lm! Ʉq8L^G#I:QMNpx ÷ۜ:38ᚇ\L^ɀ{ rӏ3Rp{ 3[L >(?a+tt:g +^/h3'>=6̪l٦u#<6X2B2y<@C8@-F\7r5_RzpR( | uSJv׬$,<Hrʩ4sQh\BV/ۇ(a?Vp7\ 9x_޷_/8sAg p9Gˏ>'ͰS9LLLS0e5V\bx}:TeY, Fܱ 'w/ .5,>PJ _/О-.lqȉ1SD/d#JIc#׻G3}rr~{6DP> *Nu+C] $$LQj(_T( (  C 3&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing06&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing0 7&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing08&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing09&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing0:&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing0<&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing0=&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing0 >&CS ChemDraw Drawing *ChemDraw.Document.6.00&CS ChemDraw Drawing09M?Equation Equation.30,Microsoft Equation 3.0/ 00DTimes New Roman(|!0hz0DTimesNew Roman(|!0hz0 DSymbolew Roman(|!0hz0h0DArialew Roman(|!0hz0h" a.  @n?" dd@  @@`` 0E1         d)! !"#$%&'()*+0/.-,1$h2$meo˖|:J'2$P?⇷Ey?CK'2$ KnJbr 2$%_  OS- 2$єdI Q,Hb2$`L-G #a"2$*B~&c碌e )b$u Z9F612$,R_Re鷴J]h2$-d^"#؊H nb$6v͊H;TW=G{b$m #5b$2Rm2a^Oݸ2$"QHi9M ]pX,c $0 @{sTʚ;2Nʚ;g4@d@d!0ppp@ <4!d!d0D)<4dddd0D) <4BdBdo0Dj? %CProteins and ElectrophoresisDeRoger L. Bertholf, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Pathology Director of Clinical Chemistry & Toxicologyff UProtein TriviaThe most abundant organic molecule in cells (50% by weight) 30-50K structural genes code for proteins Each cell contains 3-5K distinct proteins About 300 proteins have been identified in plasmaZ Functional diversity of proteinsStructural Keratin, collagen, actin, myosin Transport Hemoglobin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin Hormonal Insulin, TSH, ACTH, PTH, GH Regulatory Enzymes What else? Z!Z Z'Z ZZ ZZ Z ! '   > CThe composition of proteinsAmino acids (simple proteins) 20 common (standard) amino acids Conjugated proteins contain a prosthetic group: Metalloproteins Glycoproteins Phosphoproteins Lipoproteins NucleoproteinsZ!Z0ZJZ   Jo.The size of proteinsAn arbitrary lower limit is a MW of 5,000 Proteins can have MW greater than 1 million, although most proteins fall in the range of 12-36K 100-300 amino acids Albumin (the most abundant protein in humans) is 66K and contains 550 amino acids (residues) :rgProtein structurelPrimary structure Amino acid sequence Secondary structure a-helix or random coil Tertiary structure 3-D conformation (globular, fibrous) Quaternary structure Multi-protein assemblies%%  Amino acids (1 structure)The amino acid sequence is the only genetically-stored information about a protein Each amino acid is specified by a combination of 3 nucleic acids (codon) in mRNA: e.g., CGU=Arg; GGA=Gly; UUU=Phe^ b  Properties of amino acids.The  R group determines, for the most part, the properties of the amino acid Substances that can either donate or accept a proton are called ampholytes$  #Acid-base properties of amino acids Acidic and basic amino acids\Acidic Asp R=CH2COO- Glu R=(CH2)2COO- Basic Lys R=(CH2)4NH3+ Arg R= (CH2)3NHC(NH2)2+ His R: 1>  Uncharged amino acidsNon-polar (hydrophobic) amino acids Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Trp, Met Polar (hydrophilic) amino acids Gly, Ser, Thr, Cys, Tyr, Asn, GlnT$' "$' ".&Stereochemistry of amino acidsAll naturally-occurring amino acids found in proteins have the  L configurationQQ Essential amino acidsHumans ordinarily cannot synthesize: Leu, Ile, Val, Met, Phe, Trp, Thr, Lys, His (Arg) Dietary protein is the principal source of essential amino acids6%2A%2A% C The peptide bond The peptide bond -Amino acid composition and protein propertiesThe  R groups determine, for the most part, the properties of the protein Proteins rich in Asp, Glu are acidic (albumin is an example) Post-translational modifications of proteins have significant effects on their properties, as well.$,`(Q!,Coiling (2 structure)$ >Linus Pauling described the a-helical structure of proteins Pro and OH-Pro break the a-helix Ser, Ile, Thr, Glu, Asp, Lys, Arg, and Gly destabilize the a-helix0Z K~T",Folding (3 structure) J. C. Kendrew deduced the structure of myoglobin from X-ray crystallographic data Globular proteins have stable 3-dimensional conformations at physiological pH, temperature (Why?), # Myoglobin Protein 3 structure is influenced by a and b regions Proteins fold in order to expose hydrophilic regions, and sequester hydrophobic regions$ $4 structure  Hemoglobin has 4 subunits Two a chains Two b chains Many enzymes have quaternary structures@((%Measuring proteinsVBy reactivity Biuret reaction, Lowry method By chemical properties Absorption at l=260 nm (Phe) or 280 nm (Tyr, Trp) By activity Enzymes, immunoglobulins By immunogenicity2  $ tF &Separating plasma proteinsChromatography Gel (size exclusion), HPLC, ion exchange, immunoaffinity Electrophoresis Starch gel, agarose gel, cellulose acetate, PAGEL9191,9L8$Electrophoresis: Theoretical aspectsP9 Endosmosis ULarge, highly charged proteins may actually migrate toward the like-charged electrode&VZ?  Q:Optimizing electrophoresisOptimal electrophoretic separations must balance speed and resolution Higher voltage increases speed, but heat causes evaporation of the buffer and may denature proteins Higher ionic strength (buffer) increases conductivity, but enhances endosmotic effects JF1 ,  7#Serum protein electrophoresis'AlbuminMost abundant protein in plasma (approximately half of total protein) Synthesized in liver t=15-19 days Principal functions Maintaining fluid balance Carrier Anti-oxidant activity BufferbF#?F( ?8$ Clinical significance of albuminHyperalbuminemia is rare and of no clinical significance Hypoalbuminemia Increased loss (nephrotic syndrome) Decreased production (nutritional deficit, liver failure) Analbuminemia Bisalbuminemia, dimeric albumin6I^.I^.Z( D9% Pre-albuminThyroxine-binding protein (not an incipient form of albumin), also called transthyretin, or TBPA Also complexes with retinol-binding protein (RBP) Only protein that migrates anodal to albumin Sensitive marker of nutritional status, since its t is only 2 days^a2qC2`( 6 A :&a1-Antitrypsin2  Protease inhibitor that binds to, and inactivates, trypsin Deficiency is associated with Pulmonary emphysema Cirrhosis SPE is only a screening test for AAT deficiency6Y0Y03l;'"Other a1 proteins> Xa1-Acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) Biological function is unknown a1-Fetoprotein (AFP) Principal fetal protein, used to screen for fetal abnormalities (neural tube defects)#V!V>  $ \<( a2-Macroglobulin6 Largest non-immunoglobulin in plasma Protease inhibitor Increased in nephrotic syndrome (size) Complete genetic deficiency is unknown, * 7=)$(a2) Ceruloplasmin* Copper transport protein Participates in plasma redox reactions Cp levels fluctuate with a variety of physiological states, but measurement is usually to screen for Wilson s disease Plasma Cp is decreased due to inhibition of synthesis&660>* (a2) Haptoglobin* Binds to, and preserves, hemoglobin but not myoglobin Complex also has peroxidase activity, and may be involved in inflammatory response Hemolytic diseases can deplete Hp levels66S)6S),,  `?+(b) Transferrin Iron transport protein, and also binds copper Transferrin is increased in iron deficiency anemia, as well as pregnancy and estrogen therapy Decreased in inflammation, malignancy, or liver disease. @, b2-Microglobulin* Small protein (MW=11.8K) BMG is filtered in the glomerulus, but is reabsorbed in the renal tubules. Urinary BMG levels are a sensitive measure of renal tubular function Increased in renal failure6dEdE0 A-.(b) Compliment proteinsC3 and C4 migrate in the b region Compliment proteins are decreased in genetic deficiencies, and increased in inflammation.|cB.g Region  Includes immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and C-reactive protein Single sharp peak is indicates a paraprotein associated with a monoclonal gammopathy (multiple myeloma) CRP is the most sensitive indicator of Acute Phase Reaction Inflammation, trauma, infection, etc.&&& :   dC/Acute Phase ReactantsOther ACPs include a1-acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin, and ceruloplasminDH!P   D0 Normal SPEE5Immediate response patternF4Delayed response patternG3HypogammaglobulinemiaH2Nephrotic Syndrome  I1Hepatic cirrhosisJ6Monoclonal gammopathy K7Protein-losing enteropathy $  ` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> j b  (   fB  0D"`  s *"`  6|l "`  X Click to edit Master title style!!  (  0,o " `@  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!    S    0t "`0  d*     0y "`   \*     0P~ "`   \*   x  B"`8x  B" H x  B"H0x  B"`Hx  B"8x  B"8 Z  Bfd޽h @ ? 3 REDTRIAN0 @"(    0T P    V*     0     X*   d  c $ ?    0  @  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6 `P   V*     6l `   X*   H  0޽h ? ̙33  $(  r  S } p } r  S }  @  } H  0޽h ? ̙33  P$(  r  S   `   r  S   `@  H  0޽h ? f  `$(  r  S x  ``   r  S 4   `  H  0޽h ? f  p$(  r  S  `   r  S   ``  H  0޽h ? f  $(  r  S ! `   r  S "  `  H  0޽h ? f   $(   r  S  `   r  S   `0  H  0޽h ? f  $$(  $r $ S tº `   r $ S ú  `@  H $ 0޽h ? f  0( ((  (x ( c $ `   r  ( S T#  `   8 @   (@  ( 0t-@  @   ( <A ?? I   ( <A ??`(     ( <D|0 P  JUndissociated form   ( <H 0 lP  LZwitterion (dipolar) H ( 0޽h ? f   m e 0 (  0r 0 S N P     0 0ϺP @  8 0P 0P 0  BC@DEXF(Ԕ@C0t^&p y yZrH&}f@       0  0  LBC@DEXF(Ԕ@C0t^&p y yZrH&}f@        P x8  0  0@`B  0 0Do  0`B  0 0Do0`B  0 0Do  0  0 BlPn  RpH .  0 <LU  x"equivalents OH- :  }8 @0  00 @  0 <D[z  YpK1:  `B 0 0Do@0  0 B(` J  spKI:  ^B 0 6Do` 0 }8 P 0 0P 0 0 <heP  YpK2:  `B 0 0Dop0x 0 <A  ??L   x 0 <A ??c@L  x 0 <A ?? L  H 0 0޽h ? f  @>(  @r @ S l `   r @ S m  `@  8 ` ` @` `Z @ s *` `h @ c $A ??`  H @ 0޽h ? f  D$(  Dr D S s `   r D S t  `@  H D 0޽h ? f  \TH(  H H 0d{p  @  x H c $ | @`   r H S z  P  ` H c $A  ??px    H <<P   e L-Alanine    H <P K p  e D-Alanine   H H 0޽h ? f  P$(  Pr P S  `   r P S   `@  H P 0޽h ? f  5-4(  4r 4 S  `    4 0 p @  ` 4 c $A ??  ^ 4 6Ԕ0  4 C BGCDEFԔ')0`| )G@  t ` 0  4 0 E _H2O@ H 4 0޽h ? f  g_  8(  8x 8 c $ģ `    8 0X p @  ` 8 c $A ??`W    8 <  0   ] Dipeptide    ^  8 6Ԕ  H 8 0޽h ? f  0<$(  <r < S T `P   r < S  `@  H < 0޽h ? f  @TF(  Tr T S  `   r T S   ` @   T c A C:\Documents and Settings\rlb\Application Data\Microsoft\Media Catalog\linus pauling 2.gif  @ H T 0޽h ? f  PX<(  Xr X S t `   x X c $0  ` @    X c A  C:\Documents and Settings\rlb\Application Data\Microsoft\Media Catalog\kendrew.gif  @ H X 0޽h ? f  ``:(  `r ` S $ `   r ` S  ` @   ` c A  C:\Documents and Settings\rlb\Application Data\Microsoft\Media Catalog\myoglobin.gifQH   H ` 0޽h ? f  pd<(  dr d S  `   r d S d @ @   d c A  C:\Documents and Settings\rlb\Application Data\Microsoft\Media Catalog\hemoglobin.gif\H   H d 0޽h ? f  h$(  hr h S < `   r h S   `0  H h 0޽h ? f  p$(  pr p S  `   r p S   `@  H p 0޽h ? fu  %(  d  <GjJP r  S      2   `>}vd @ P p ;+  !8 \  \    BCDE FԔ@@P   B  BCDE FԔ@`P    <P   9+ $   <RP \  :  $   0p uElectromotive force (emf)  @ 0p  >Drag 8  P  P`  0 Oh  c $A 9?? [P 9H  0޽h ? 3r  " #(  r  S 0 `   r # S  ` p   8 \   F@p    BCDE FԔ@@P  B  BCDE FԔ@`P   B,P   9+ $  BRP \  :  $ZB  s *D>ZB   s *D>``2    ` vd @ 0  ;+ ( 8     2    `vd @` @  ;- 2   `vd @  ;- 2   `vd @p 0  ;- 2   `vd @  `  ;- 2   `Tvd @  p ;- 2   `vd @   ;- 2   `#vd @ P 0 ;- 2   `T&vd @ P  ;- 2   `)vd @0 0  ;- 2   `-vd @ pP  ;- 2   `1vd @ @ p ;- 2   `4vd @ `  ;- X  0` @8   " `"  0  `"  0`@0 `"  0P`"  000 `"   0p `" ! 0 pH  0޽h ? 3  $(  r  S P< `   r  S =  `@  H  0޽h ? 3  e](  x  c $B `   j2  Bvy @ @ "F   0   0f  6GSp 0  <DM  $ 7+   <P $ 7- @F 0 0  0 0    ` @0 0    ` @0 00    ` @@ 0 ` 0   Zwww0 0    `v @ 0 0>   BC4DE<FtԔOO4v;_.0[xwvE|.aeC*XMn_ 2pO"poru& H j 4{ s   2 n   P v 6  Y     /RW578@                           P@ F     `B  0Do`B  0Do`B  0Do  `B  0Do  F     <V ;Albumin   <(Z= Ra12   <_  Ra22   <bS 0  Bb$   <g Bg$ H  0޽h ? 3  l$(  lr l S m `   r l S \n  `  H l 0޽h ? f  $(  r  S r `   r  S `s  `  H  0޽h ? 3  $(  r  S y `   r  S @z  `  H  0޽h ? 3  $(  r  S 4 `   r  S   `@  H  0޽h ? 3   $(  r  S t `   r  S   `@  H  0޽h ? 3  0$(  r  S @ `   r  S  `@  H  0޽h ? 3  @$(  r  S   `    r  S ܔ P`  H  0޽h ? 3  P$(  r  S P `   r  S    `@  H  0޽h ? 3  `$(  r  S X `   r  S   `@  H  0޽h ? 3  p$(  r  S  `   r  S D `@  H  0޽h ? 3  $(  r  S  `   r  S H  `@  H  0޽h ? 3  $(  r  S H `   r  S   `   H  0޽h ? 3  |(  r  S L `   r  S      6   @    Bh 6  KX upper limit of normal   <LZ z  71   <Ee 75   <0P 810   <    8Days   < d  71   <   72   < @   73   < l  74   <   75 pl  P    ,$D 0   BC<DEdF,|<L0$|HdLx4`6w t G( >z U K0  >@        P   # B CDELF$|Hx_-G^* qX HP s   @       P   # BpCnDE@F |nf(^>80|u$ ?.ap @      P   < Zwz JC-reactive protein   <  p  a1-AntitripsinN     <\   JC3, H  0޽h ? 3      % (  r  S  `   >   BC4DE<FtԔOO4v;_.0[xwvE|.aeC*XMn_ 2pO"poru& H j 4{ s   2 n   P v 6  Y     /RW578@                          `P 8   Pp fB  6DofB  6DofB  6Do  fB  6Do  -8   @S   B ;Albumin    B= Ra12    B$  Ra22    BS 0  Bb$   B Bg$ H  0޽h ? 34     t (  x  c $| `   P  3 (BC4DE<FtԔOO4v;_.0[xwvE|.aeC*XMn_ 2pO"poru& H j 4{ s   2 n   P v 6  Y     /RW578@                          `P F    Pp `B  0Do`B  0Do`B  0Do  `B  0Do  F     @S   <0 ;Albumin    <= Ra12    <  Ra22    <4S 0  Bb$   <$ Bg$ P  3 (BCDE<FtԔOOwuO&"Dfrc0d[]VEETcwZ0K|XW='U_[TM% 2OpO& /H aj {   " T2 Tn T  P   s QY ' + / f RA5Uc78@                          `\   <"  /Decrease in albumin Increase in APR haptoglobin0 0$ H  0޽h ? 3F      (  x  c $) `   P  3 (BC4DE<FtԔOO4v;_.0[xwvE|.aeC*XMn_ 2pO"poru& H j 4{ s   2 n   P v 6  Y     /RW578@                          `P F    Pp `B  0Do`B  0Do`B  0Do  `B  0Do  F     @S   <, ;Albumin    </= Ra12    <P5  Ra22    <\9S 0  Bb$   <> Bg$ P  3 (BCDE<FtԔOOtz){ ;Yz`40[Evwa6L|>:?f,X_~V +2OpN& `H j {  + S 2 n  f +P  h " f v {  An0?:w78@                          `P   <HA0`  AAlbumin decreased Haptoglobin increased Gamma globulins increasedB B $H  0޽h ? 3     < (  x  c $Z;_MY0[-,+E|n.<a*X#Df}_{ P2%Ops<'  3 $0   M  eE C !,    :<k$Ze34@                        p`Y   <{:m@ ODecreased albumin (synthesis) Increased gamma globulins (polyclonal gammopathy)P P9d  <o p  <$p  \ b-g bridging $ H  0޽h ? 3/     o (  x  c $D `   P  3 (BC4DE<FtԔOO4v;_.0[xwvE|.aeC*XMn_ 2pO"poru& H j 4{ s   2 n   P v 6  Y     /RW578@                          `P F    Pp `B  0Do`B  0Do`B  0Do  `B  0Do  F     @S   <\ ;Albumin    <= Ra12    <p  Ra22    <ԹS 0  Bb$   <d Bg$ p  3 HBCxDETF|ԔUUx\u=]R;V]Z-K0I[B;E*9H|-.aDF*HX #_@92  2Ofp4& H Fj x{    62 9z < $R   * W gO ` .q Xx   a 7  e\  85:H;<@                            `d   <: @ `,Albumin decreased Sharp peak in gamma region- -H  0޽h ? 3   g _ 0 (  x  c $|K `   P  3 (BC4DE<FtԔOO4v;_.0[xwvE|.aeC*XMn_ 2pO"poru& H j 4{ s   2 n   P v 6  Y     /RW578@                          `P F    Pp `B  0Do`B  0Do`B  0Do  `B  0Do  F     @S   <N ;Albumin    <`R= Ra12    <8  Ra22    <XS 0  Bb$   <( Bg$ P  3 (BCDE<FtԔOOs(7+)B\z3C0[ExpKC sauro:Pf?g_e :2Op]& oH j {  : b 2 t  v. av L / ( ~  ,   LD^x578@                           `c t  <Xo`  Decreased albumin Decreased gamma globulins Increased a2-macroglobulin>G 69 H  0޽h ? 3"xW}h\EqK饦FcSє5$R۳MhrR"hAQQZbQDŢ,c[micΙ}w].w/QJ67vgg~3;7k8 v`61T l6kg5>g!c`b^}vK-kC&![` 8A@>ߏ1|V O _Ib׳ YhW`(u;=zmE 1Y:xWd9Գʍ *v!,kntd-MM{SS1GaP%u"S=2 ɁS Xb03!52_zZAFU6ފ(M::uYE't1=ÕET[́;gBkE/SjROFԅ.l*`46GxaTa(s?)_i \Мt%Rܧ`9%AЫ° a7X;aJd#33Uj|ˆdN僬uBq 2i4d aPY!j Dh* aک_='PI(*Dj^"L؈\ T5xu(|y6\`nfk7 'QjCF{<@_BCD 4sB|_pNrpWI0bZ9@Gnlr5:[y%%&G83Oh Gc{tV(8s^֞m{E94^<`^P~RQyw:K3K{tRWy@OW9(/Z->ThW > ߭awh:o);3R\YJOy~(i/aq{΢H6 Z,1kEkyNb=^R$n ޣhhA^|4۴<Ň^K|8ZY|7NkҥuB^W=ihF~r與HEHCޅ(!FYP4$-u,yK@^#t.Xtr*g!/7]w߹~q5e/y4EeTR}T[9xNXȶ. bCB><0 eTҚLhàxDnGM1S&(i6)Z *I0i$otu8]#!PbX'`X,)s!D.n~Gq{*vkW*>MV>,zbX}BN~fT _᷄Pܖ 멎Sbθe[ &)v7i gy5B|p4D 4n  RvoߪoViu,y/A֮{Q VQd>  UF T_A|S֋w GpSk o[NxHM^Zd'^h&0o]"~!оEh)f'r"uWC2:WGj9AW+_yUyCbwsLo@C>"xXklTE>3sGwvnW(XT|ĨE ,a4ZJk&1QF &h$ј>1 t=gf޻{q933:tG1e>\U:80(1q0ۚo.)9`< eS#WŃ] _1/o{2S`?dgӛT;.i'g8H6U3~Gga:)?RzG$|Pʧ @kb.6(cܗ <}]vt`+so@Ȏqg͊0ƖC;GrcNn<;ҟsڝXvhx1Y?sl$HvthJ\ [ֈb";1.ϡ_ "L[ a_SZԀ ’r ]h8 `zrʽŖ,32?(^\&^T –TyC3{QU' k5ۘ,69\ kGv7hЁӛw2;D5$(=)Mb1A 8Q'Gb틏5(B͠Brd{% 1ț4|5w5;vǠu ~ϵz/P\c ]Pe~Q9@zLH&s"e% )D*5[rʌ Y 0Z~Bt0~.{4K` $/C4klZ f [Tk -N0"ZV05M?fMEM 0 <~9 Q-w$4$ , 4=5 ݾ3} L \`4#i[ldiHߟϴv@x ,x yI2ҧ5ϼʩ;YF"DRb 8P8d?iq.{Rj擜Y건G6*,(8nQQYЗ5\}7%4uQ۹PNUN}?YsT뽨KV>k>S̿jUoq1K;eEH}XԌ*tV A#3wo>&"[M@){YZg4wXKLIa,Xe_ ln1S0YZõJodiDDdoL7w'$_Ai+7L4$I?o!ɴH6Mk6BS]Cc(Um J]>ߚPb*6у]L{q1 ;cv:R;^^cu}RxecX’ϫ?Z$y\eN{YjI/tV_5eu.Ӵ݈> MrJk{-*ޛVm*so.{o-MRf//I>i.1 D"xX]lTE>3sݟnvn -[+?U`,](Mk[h/$%1р/Hxhb0D#ȋx"JJz{o Sfܙ3|̙33?++@x:*K tNO:g `Z5 .wiva^#ƑEUGF_q_ܻҧL'`'NI1 )t^LM :z8e@Pkף{a_%~SN?Sqn4^#@>(r KaS9OCXڼCp2R7L47eltڝI @}w%o ZE-V O8mº@F)j2ʖCۥphK'"iIYpHn-&dPgLG6s#GQA"&S[`q*vP-Fo N`!l`A9ur_ Vi iCG_@w0Ѿk.}àDVHOA\Uhn ʾ(##3A TnQ#T I,aiMJ#K~q\j@aDZ}@1+-_.s̥_137dT_T}M*@N&U9вb`Xeb+5[rɌaY*30j~E3ta{a8(j\(~(j% Rl~u @KV9nhn؄[lwҲ=0 7 StA0kDAqO8үT*I2~4a=i_Ax4! k5$Bnf땊RFTW k)k,puC4$w|390Nҿ^JcHvX2 E3>3P;YWs4uwv: w4c;{ESV0gOT,.f!u?Be~+\yÍ>ں&*4x"i;W@,>&"kM-@&"S:չ9;61^cYJa!/UVXy_a""K6rp't\̍sG~(n$b]۵Øܮ{rr G4RG2); QsG|{s;yԜofBvdC̾;?o2_M!KMleÃfS󚧦'zn?"E|=ܞ~nO?m~3+x&;68ĶN #"o&0 U+n$\cؖUE`[Y!*b+Y~LƤ)d#cK*&΢>!j77- pF6CfX`,RrZND.|"AT|mkRoTdV|oK9=ֱZ{dpxxkIMF?L 7z2ZV7HZ[{٧%-rĵrP6*h cxkD3P~=zT2Uۣ',]<4> 9Nl]sgP 89-*%! R/"WqF<ڵ/a]3\zbyp.38v3wH{,)$U;AQHfX ,EdOp~s!9V1NkٓMrG*mHoWo{Vٚpܛ#rߛ 7|ɹmj@\"xX]lTE>3sovn -XJ hbҢK & LxQ'$Q|bg>+w-iXnl|д3I+<#=7}gSz`# ܓMobt\v }=߳*r >ɏ7sRl6 ^R?SU1FOA?@5X^x xA?ʝt>[K w=f }B:ޙ3 Ӹe-[׈"H8+wyV`s#´weVC0S!O _A»`3 B_Ϟ~"X'a b*9iPpڊ"hq ]ϚpYl۰z}6 lOwLnٴz3TEaP޵*͐2=VP~E=1N9 v&nq@g;W\wb4+sX C:BǸ1X\"feVA30b0Μ=׆?)Ԥbѕ˶.TY aDr0/#q=0* a(?<(4(ђR ,#Ro,3qpL{S^ ֻa6aX^a:21 `X^҈A0;Si'MGO'YO4hP415!5z'(H@^Hh ՘IE`RSe5()f46!ɑz!gXw0.w!?T4B9qq Ϛ_ydCή7wGߦt22Ճ"@ ފ{"gڹGEqv3Εp?ԴT$gYA\5rn{[og Fu8Q9{k kt{vI{vMP?wW w~;#wn^1܃[}roއUm_7{q}ٽGF[JEY^xii$yX~+ek(di,!v}4I-@q-hq43e EkKc d!x",K y yѽG6.,=_,,@@+- +_S&k,ݚIOU$%nSeHUB.JUgYPINnFeݗ%j+* w~Zj?|zy[UN;4ȧ]AF"xXolTEk@b˕jhb叉1m6 @DI$hLLF1hbL46P|/J 1!w^!^ͼٙξő?+ ie h0TD"a5'ʬ*Nj>H=XX}XcTrsevf؃Їt \1._9q!m]v/{o9)q ]Ӳi/>BvrT4cЊӳe 3ʁSIY?Wow~KhSN*7oe:i1К 0y;J۹P!Zm}V8KJm5ݷ'Y9$9NR=(V\K+4upqYrTC{tǧ!*%nAxEZwA/`yS1π6l[A޶Ok;8Eދ:GHlI#hQ9 ɶI9yXǐnGG=Ubݾ[GքޮXWyOo{,|cà@d׼BFh#buNwmrRE;h jL/1W3(Yd1.ծY畔+!șkD#l "Ng6"8nS3t#$\<U~.RPX#~ewTq^1'O\]Xp-2|M-wb ֱBk 6RYuܾ:]6q8i}fN.YJA58&cMo(s-IbqJ2cdd!(Vj).hAJrhOk).bqdcdٸKgGtN椅ѧGO/ drt3N9(KgGtvdSeFeE %#t:Xtb5G_vK]&4 ~fyyE^E|?w]g%6!eް1 |sk +cl;0ُ9،kaLt| iQx`iiyx/+A:h_SiRPi!]#]@WTHi7uںܜff 0LDNr[";ZB ߋzRBBDɞ3;CM6q?]6 [0%ĸSEUJY~Ґ1!HY8 ͘BI!X - Q!nٟ1wxmjhjyS:!./g^Hxh8yWҥ-] N| %>#=ڗǛv7o]6?G@TxVMlUsB~g:4R)IPPQ$[C\A {腟HT*R THH@H"JΈ+m۱lU xv{߼͏?~_`v30`@L&5gjCe1~.yu $o ,U)xpk(˓^býn@db>L'׬z<5LY!k:\'VVlu[ϯ/-%St" zG'(xzqe4y7Dw6pkxu'?RP&xPokPvV ^+~({C=r|UCW~WaA&r^cV&9[F;lC$D}:1\0JĖ lb%"uk&[vD/r#F^%Ahfvi844ۧEkL8(ʼNx(qE"Ea@)O g׃F34UɬGS^ƬUlTV5`P($[N0<%pKgEn+lb6Re9n3$ dvԲ)Ly;P_/㔩#ΤB2\Reupr\d^k`JXeHh`M*gsC %Zf'*BY.b⻨co:çhe CCۇ2ƑAq&DŽS1Qe:9) !4C pil-2;AåSBmqt#>LR2Sߕ~hpE#ʘ9~?>'9nR}BudH( M C>@Sȣm\io>$.=lH"ʒ(}L}Ylk_ 4xZ}lT}_am&? -3 Fq[`)&@@H%JІVmSJ@+TUV@U! ٝwݗ4}ov7^q3r3ǩ1=*̟Eꁒ%(>l,?qP RJd^߫6fV g*zAX0LZӬ#>wO_v+fWrJ+z>N,dg 6[}'g 6 W?2e]!{_؏OewJJ(P&B!L2T6+xÿUsExCFvبNګ&175G##MUS*"ycϖhpgY}}_׻u[:o[OցpE{͍}=LppI D/wc7CcT÷,&iw]&2CPTan1M0yPǧEeNxBd4J.TdBWYKqus= 䔉*{WYSof >wK@8ֳ#ַ{+l @܋'Xh X.đ3$Ř1O(\>&S]8 {W`_h(j&U!lZ7V/CjrIWTm t;U>A*d,ԁ ͆(mP%8eO1dh5LԞACP! D Pv ONA&&ɓ}\_8tɠH] S8ᲯO5IAPzN}F\:8YDz7ڻ8AzOOgov+gG+_Q_㬞1n3>riRۆ/{wkaIToFq8v>Zywvgu1ciKY;nXǓ~'3Rv2Ϥ>Y55): jH!un̪*fEo_㉚vV靆bz0Ԑ#p|c 󚩆:f=WDxS$dG2B)%cvVl}i"!ueF5qN Q\27%sJȎҕE[ J甐k ҕ :%̺PJ65w?"[qSBΥ+یj_f՜rHv]Q6O%sJȵs˰>2_u\(3B)%{qVęmq,8\(sJ"冏`6G<"OTr{jhNX0^:& y_ü;tLO@v>KZT|W(cjцâ7'rOo.{;Ş* Z=X auޙC"xXklTE>3wcv۲md V+bQb|-BLt1р?4@4Ec?DM`093w {f9sw̜;ݻ_?b^,;,e\STujW ?SϧZkHMtj,UH`7,\1i]__0w={CAPZ{n79X }ɦ1 )v\h \gɧbA\)F@_=? 0P *@t:'_xNyj|ĸ!dٚ/Xb,^b.#vJ[081J鸡?1|0v60R龷G1N._!Zj8mӔz$`Kh{al KȘNnZ A:_oj$Jy߳ hz!&vNp8TM՛yAå<x( N`+6C5XXa ! 2HġJjHhdʯKFأ?gH ͮ'-`%kEB mGx mF3 2-R.=e"- " fW%VN5{ ۭ"URÓuخ;u}#SN :b#5>#݈tt Zh"=iܗ_k$؝'C , ; CL׮uk`3Raxsٷ5h;7!=]MC hO;`>d\2"ETdLh1iqXePZm&+ziŧVfh)"HD\@8sk3<;tHDCrL6iqЦh;d*fk&kzݣ8gᤗz6Sf/mYv%ۿ}ąS^h%8$ 01:84X&9`<1UZAcʖ* z:Yf3Pqk\ZB/_% l-j V(L-bJ{f^٘ڞ9=3X?j[;iTK(2-jmq_iYY=`{^C~aUC< IF<Β)8<؎,E`U6pe.SrV{nȊ΂N3&gy'yh2QNJ(7D^cG&Fn>ȶ jUkw z4B>Bs8Yod҅^#[TH+="^Ei鄬{G^Hk"*n-d%ׂ}L(X;EU JNlX ΛfO_5>ŝw/^Ė:,M^ B3K Tҋ棛yy 3"zj/CCHHkGøӡ6zi-&BC&EJ(4HgHhWԡmhBڀ| FA\8!օNd#^{{Y}t(uڒSQH6BJ~[h[Ck:67-S+Z~K׮ vV]x_E.D- #3Sa@WڍM$"~{Ē w fZDȵCsrҽ'`ŘIGЕQ-lBIǒZ(z`Ohuԇkd9 Sw]\] .]aیS6u%K-WJN6Ʃӆs2!35QZu4p$gݩN; &g1/Oj𞧼wlMLcBI U(1XP m  :xZ pTn$$u@ PB""'2vF?V(*XJ+Vku@cV*o76 ؙ{ss~}9v4fD\N.&Q%J"DS/ͭE% @k@quaōJLŃ%% /J:JWau_߯4 #Frk$ļR1cL,_kO߁7t[uK]3m#T'*eS6 Y:xyTGed:ΞVu~ (@>xs.Y+0򵤉䉿]lY֍msK3Q@*J?(PP[QrP FeqQy~WmĊg\6A CA&u̘yyLh$.2_W[_8727IF`% U446V4,Y7Wذv&߼ }e V46RX۴e .K{7^`~Dq¯3I\Ht'*œ~ەDɈC8E, jtTkyXɍ9WEҡ3?>M>}1HoE YhN"EV#tմ ? b&,\8YbN>f)j\2oj"WVll16$T,W8c=8 rw89CsN3~8]^ LQ1=NJ&{]}Ye:%9'dQLă5uQ.ln,I'4Ndqsb7j%QiJ˨V{))ۧ| ؂B,a)&&L("c(I=f Lo>pGM_t_%G֤mK`A!Q否\šT TtSYe*2bR 0E#ȩZDPBpj/E-iZd)Z4|`ijFl5nZoU:T۶%JԪ>Ums4  RG:,!5e%Tt Q}5TZGmn.D1jtj1n!pak *Y]>BT ,mUTfZṮ*R,a*[CxxͣU:ȷu(NFkJW3P$X^C`0tkiW ž|7p =SX(l>qG-}Hc)<7DЩS`3Ί"dT8&p՘aT>Y~N-4ǩmDu\]35 T4:֨GEohO 88:gf0[[ gDgyk 0vY{0Eڴh4ڶ닇)H>; WᨾxKxu\?rhG42Rr*/zWI} x k:3;Cݍw} z8WXgїoЧsv8ozI1;,j l'Pk#xnH4R^`m k?dbc!m#emBzŲŠ)'`-XV փ0Uab[l0=1=6_i`ygng#{&?Uaڃ] ]8fՎY!wa a-=P wo||4L> e6p/ Í`GK:[:2Xa*0h-֏їЧfM`G?Vb wNL>Zkm@bh'|k" 6/ |[0a[s6#A̞zz;8=&h*(KhyGLl=r{c]9Wn!v5|k3س"b{YFP-%$iœRs]>5\.8΂_դ/'cR }qƜ>bym#.yZq=(eqf4q-.|*w>.#/;#;Ə1ŶJ1M1(qf4QZb<4;}]G9 ߯G\8Z|,o ou)|\$BVYd_\:z/׻_w\~N_w\~zNQyb}^+Z1rz6zxsA,P.Z;Z6ӎ'- 59=l'>2? cӎ~F(9i\oDכUTT~B~"p!}Fe5N쟉eϒ('bi:Fp}L1 X\w`/yΕQK۔雕=[ÄC[Oqk=y 㽙nX9\B̜B@$o6\כ\"I݌uɳɇ_DΡC9tC܇nN2Sݛ6Gp-櫙/+M3eY+=nzEϽiGAy,뉆o-ceFy4sݷ9;|Ts۩O!GݚŦOBb俺k;nNA{,[O / *Ku8Sqc W7ygBi22_':QvOg%tFyg\#@M .oSwZLesœWRKuчR`GEU;=o+ܡ>Mת DYI3;({etz$"5^; ˯zT1vo0x4uEGĪwX)Th9= HpZrr^U|n@[6U;kfh{^loMkPB[kDʊJm.?mxW=lYv8QXT()'8GIHlbx771JH hÜ !$ $W\qP ޚ/"k)c}ڙy3{iۛ+v:Ta0|: ( \VI>! :> \sۤoO' qH<ꏂRv }Ym?Ѹ)`b ^xs0y0>4~R\8Vނ_pVOں+j΀" Tcт؊h 6)6vߤ3=p1\Y͔WSp&xbv.f;OO#5h/O =,>ť~A+滏4uqb:==NbGeJ5rEhΦxr'XO!fJ ro|T?0黃wr q=R ^:h6gV1~ɥl8:x!f}'1߇δQԴcܔ톔v0J<[N:<_Mc|@x/f,[Zq)BmeʖL=~"D>5iVnRiNl^GgS_a*^%>6`Γk~5y*+ګ$O(y]m%9Yǔ<ǻMZDғ"% H)7LC*^AI/)//e-s9<$5n`f ?S볃"m}e:djqkTpIk_U ֦ÇsxQt~ƘL hXrĖrIx DFc(lv)%3ڤoIs?mr TgiukamMo9q%s @ufl8tz {s ׊a }^<dP(6:<@,a7p|hT@, +(/5BpQ^`P 7vQOh+'0= hp ,8 X d p|Proteins and ElectrophoresistRoger BertholfeaD:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates\Presentation Designs\Element k\BACKGROU\REDTRIAN.POTiRogergr49eMicrosoft PowerPointoso@f@ Gؚ@,C=BG`<g  ( H& &&#TNPPT2OMio & TNPP &&TNPP    &&--e- $ $   $ $(( $((22d- $22<< $<<FF $FFPPc- $PPZZ $ZZdd $ddnnb- $nnxx $xxa- $`- $ $_- $^- $ $]- $\- $[- $Z- $Y- $X- $W- $U- $T- $S- $""R- $"",,P- $,,66O- $66@@M- $@@JJL- $JJTTJ- $TT^^H- $^^hhG- $hhrrE- $rr||C- $||A- $?- $>- $<- $:- $8- $6- $4- $3- $0- $.- $-- $*- $)- $'- $%- $&&#- $&&00!- $00::- $::DD- $DDNN- $NNXX- $XXbb- $bbll- $llvv- $vv- $- $- $ - $ - $ - $- $- $---&&&"--% --&--- !---&Q&qw@3 ]LSwUSw0- &o& &6B&--&&- $AA- $AA- $AAd- $AA0- $AA- $AA $AA}- $AA- $&&AA- $&00A&A- $055A0A&&&- & $(@4(&&-&& &&-&& $(@4(&&- $AA- $AA- $AAd- $AA0- $AA- $AA $AA}- $AA- $&&AA- $&00A&A- $055A0A&- --&-- $(@4(--&&R&--&&- $  QQ- $  QQ- $  QQd- $  QQ0- $  QQ- $  QQ $  QQ}- $  QQ- $  QQ- $  QQ- $  QQ&&&- & $ 8P8&&-&& &&-&& $ 8P8&&- $  QQ- $  QQ- $  QQd- $  QQ0- $  QQ- $  QQ $  QQ}- $  QQ- $  QQ- $  QQ- $  QQ&- --&-- $ 8P8--&&W&--&&- $XX- $XX- $XXd- $XX0- $XX- $XX $XX}- $XX- $XX- $XX- $XX&&&- & $Xpp&&-&& &&-&& $Xpp&&- $XX- $XX- $XXd- $XX0- $XX- $XX $XX}- $XX- $XX- $XX- $XX&- --&-- $Xpp--&&&--&&- $- $- $d- $0- $- $ $}- $- $- $- $&&&- & $&&-&& &&-&& $&&- $- $- $d- $0- $- $ $}- $- $- $- $&- --&-- $--&&G6z&--&&- $HHyy- $HHyy- $HHyyd- $HHyy0- $HHyy- $HHyy $HHyy}- $HHyy- $H&H&yy- $&H0H0y&y- $0H5H5y0y&&&- & $H`x4`&&-&& &&-&& $H`x4`&&- $HHyy- $HHyy- $HHyyd- $HHyy0- $HHyy- $HHyy $HHyy}- $HHyy- $H&H&yy- $&H0H0y&y- $0H5H5y0y&- --&-- $H`x4`--&&6&--&&- $- $- $d- $0- $- $ $}- $- $&&- $&00&- $0550&&&- & $4&&-&& &&-&& $4&&- $- $- $d- $0- $- $ $}- $- $&&- $&00&- $0550&- --&-- $4--&--iyH-- @Timesw@ LSwUSw0- .12 ARProteins and Electrophoresis!$.--Qap-- @Timesw@3 cLSwUSw0- .2 z Roger L.   . .2 Bertholf  . .2 , Ph.D.f   . .72 z Associate Professor of Pathology         . .H2 ,z+Director of Clinical Chemistry & Toxicology             .--"System 0-&TNPP &՜.+,0    gOn-screen Shown-s$/ 6Times New RomanTimesSymbolArial REDTRIANCS ChemDraw DrawingMicrosoft Equation 3.0Proteins and ElectrophoresisProtein Trivia!Functional diversity of proteinsThe composition of proteinsThe size of proteinsProtein structureAmino acids (1º structure)Properties of amino acids$Acid-base properties of amino acidsAcidic and basic amino acidsUncharged amino acidsStereochemistry of amino acidsEssential amino acidsThe peptide bondThe peptide bond.Amino acid composition and protein propertiesCoiling (2 structure)Folding (3 structure) Myoglobin4 structureMeasuring proteinsSeparating plasma proteins%Electrophoresis: Theoretical aspects EndosmosisOptimizing electrophoresisSerum protein electrophoresisAlbumin!Clinical significance of albumin Pre-albumin1-AntitrypsinOther 1 proteins2-Macroglobulin(2) Ceruloplasmin(2) Haptoglobin() Transferrin2-Microglobulin() Compliment proteins  RegionAcute Phase Reactants Normal SPEImmediate response patternDelayed response patternHypogammaglobulinemiaNephrotic SyndromeHepatic cirrhosisMonoclonal gammopathyProtein-losing enteropathy  Fonts UsedDesign TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles/_㊾RogerRoger  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesECurrent UserSummaryInformation(>PowerPoint Document(DocumentSummaryInformation8